abstract introduction: interferential current is one of the most popular kinds of electrical stimulation that are used in electrotherapy. despite its clinical popularity, there have been limited studies to investigate how this stimulation protocol affects the nerve fibers. this study was aimed to develop a realistic model for the stimulation of nerve fibers by interferential currents and using ...

the modulation response, relative intensity noise and frequency noise characteristics of qd lasers are investigated theoretically, in presence of an additional optical pumping. it is revealed that the modulation response of qd laser enhances under additional optical beam. by small signal analysis of the carriers' and photons' rates, it is proposed that by injecting excess carriers to ...

Last years, Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) or Wavelet Packet Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (WPT-OFDM) have been introduced to wired and wireless communication fields as efficient Multicarrier Modulation (MCM) techniques. The wavelets have interesting features such as flexibility, compatibility and localization in both time and frequency domains with no need to use ...

background and objective: vep is a powerful method to study visual system via evaluating evoked potentials. technologic and instrumental restrictions may be the reason of having studies on optical modulation and induction such as color, spatial frequency and contrast. developments of computer software and hardware may lead to an increase in the flexibility of pattern designs. material and meth...

design, simulation and optimal selection of cosine-linear frequency modulation waveform (cnlfm) based on correlated ambiguity function (af) method for the purpose of synthetic aperture radar (sar) is done in this article. the selected optimum cnlfm waveform in contribution with other waveforms are applied directly into a sar image formation algorithm (ifa) and their quality effects performance ...

in this paper the problem of minimizing the total transmitting power subject to a fixedtotal bit rate in ofdm systems is considered. upper bounds on transmitting power and bit rate ofeach subcarrier can also be taken into account. in practice, the number of bits of each subcarriershould be integer and nonnegative. in this paper an analytical optimal solution is derived for thecase of assuming t...

A modulated holding beam shining a VCSEL above threshold can improve modulation bandwidth by adjusting the semiconductor laser’s relaxation oscillation frequency. The improved modulation characteristics are accompanied by reduced damping rate. By choosing correct parameters, dynamical behavior of system and cavity solitons is changed.