the ngos are one of the most important state actors. due to useful functions of these organizations, the state has established and codified some regulations regarding their activity. this study sought to explain the issue and their activities in two legal systems of iran and france. in iranian legal system, some regulations exist regarding their foundation and activity which is a bit strict in ...

support of the individual rights and freedom is one of the purposes of criminal procedural rules. police detention or surveillance is contrary to the individual rights. in accordance with obvious rules, police at both american and iranian systems of justice might arrest someone. this matter has an exceptional aspect. it is essential to observe two provisions in which include “visible crime” and...

based on a general rule in civil liability, external causes limits or excludes the liability of defendant. however, the question is that whether it is possible to applied the general rule when there are compulsory liability insurances? this paper is intended to study the subject-matter regarding traffic accidents (as one of the anticipated cases of compulsory insurances) in iranian and french l...

the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil fascilitated holding directors liable for corporate debt. nevertheless, the doctrine is not a seperate cause of action. directors are bound by fiduciary duty, duty of loyalty and duty of care and skill to the corporation and its shareholders. however, there is not such a contractual relationship between directors and creditors. thus, requiring directo...

law department, ferdowsi university of mashhad the importance of the exploitation contracts protecting the literary and artistic rights has, in some legal systems like france, resulted in the devising of general and common regulations about the formation of the above-mentioned contracts. however, so far no independent section has been thought of in the iranian legal system for explicating commo...