it is very important for managers, investors and financial policy-makers to detect and analyze factors affecting financial markets to obtain optimal decision and reduce risks. the importance of market analysis and attempt to improve its behavior understanding, has led analysts to use the experiences of other professionals in the fields such as social sciences and mathematics to examine the inte...

determination of allowable free span length plays a crucial role in design of offshore pipelines. the seabed intervention cost and safety of an offshore pipelines project are largely influenced by pipelines free spanning during the project life time. different criteria are proposed by both the current designing guidelines and researchers there is however lack of comprehensive assessment of inde...

Let G be a graph and S be a set of non-negative integers. By an S-degree free spanning forest of G we mean a spanning forest of G with no vertex degree in S. In this paper we study the existence of {0, 2}-degree free spanning forests in graphs. We show that if G is a graph with minimum degree at least 4, then there exists an {0, 2}-degree free spanning forest. Moreover, we show that every 2-con...