the subjects of the study are only the tefl teachers and students at gilan university. to obtain the desired data, a questionnaire which was based on the theories and disecussions gathered, was used as the main data gathering instrument. to determine the degree of relationship between variables, covariance and pearson product moment correlation coefficient were the formulas applied. the data we...

abstract the main purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was any significant difference between the speaking achievement of learners who were trained by means of consciousness raising of sociolinguistic skills and that of learners who were trained without the above mentioned task. the participants of this study consist of 60 intermediate level students participating languag...

مقدمه : استعمال سیگار و مواد مخدر از جمله معضلات رایج بهداشتی محسوب می شوند. نه تنها استعمال سیگار، بلکه مواجه با دود آنها نیز عواقب زیادی را برای انسان ایجاد می نماید. در معرض دود سیگار بودن نیز خطر ابتلا به سرطان و بیماری های قلبی و عروقی را افزایش می دهد. یکی از عوامل مطرح شده در مورد مصرف سیگار اختلال در روند التیام زخم می باشد. بر همین اساس بر آن شدیم که به بررسی اثر مصرف سیگار بر روی باز ...

due to the limiting workspace of parallel manipulator and regarding to finding the trajectory planning of singularity free at workspace is difficult, so finding a best solution that can develop a technique to determine the singularity-free zones in the workspace of parallel manipulators is highly important. in this thesis a simple and new technique are presented to determine the maximal singula...

in this thesis, first the notion of weak mutual associativity (w.m.a.) and the necessary and sufficient condition for a $(l,gamma)$-associated hypersemigroup $(h, ast)$ derived from some family of $lesssim$-preordered semigroups to be a hypergroup, are given. second, by proving the fact that the concrete categories, semihypergroups and hypergroups have not free objects we will introduce t...