insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

this dissertation has six chapter and tree appendices. chapter 1 introduces the thesis proposal including description of problem, key questions, hypothesis, backgrounds and review of literature, research objectives, methodology and theoretical concepts (key terms) taken the literature and facilitate an understanding of national security, national interest and turkish- israeli relations concepts...

بروز انواع ریسک­ها و بحـران­هـای مـالی در فرایند جهانی شدن، ارتقای سطح کمی و کیفی خدمات بخش مالی را  بیش از پیش ضروری نموده است. بانک­هایاسلامیبهعلتماهیتخاصقرارداد­هایخود،افزونبرریسک­هایمتداول بانکداریبا ریسک­هایمنحصر­به­فردی رو­به­روهستندکهشناسایی و مدیریتآن­هاضروریاست. مقاله حاضر به شناسایی ریسک­های نظام بانکداری بدون­ ربا و بررسی روابط بین آن­ها می­پردازد. ابتدا ریسک‌های عمومی بانکداری بدون ...

nowadays, technical terminology translation plays an important role in human life. specific groups of people all over the world refer to learn these terminologies in order to be familiar with a subject and improve their knowledge in that domain. on the other hand, saving the technical translation equivalent is a particularly salient challenge for technical translators. the present study was con...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...