subsurface drainage systems are used to control the depth of the water table and to reduce or prevent soil salinity. water flow in these systems is described by the boussinesq equation, and the advection-dispersion equation coupled with the boussinesq equation is used to study the solute transport. the objective of this study was to propose a finite difference solution of the advection-dispersi...

Cosmic structures at large scales represent the earliest and most extended form of matter condensation. In this lecture we review the application of the methods and concepts of modern statistical physics to these structures. This leads to a new perspective in the field which can be tested by the many new data which are appearing in the near future. In particular, galaxy structures show fractal ...

This paper describes the theories and techniques for designing linear and planar fractal arrays and compare their radiation pattern with conventional arrays. Fractals are recursively generated object having fractional dimension. We have compared radiation pattern of cantor linear arrays with conventional linear arrays using MATLAB program. Another program was developed to characterize the radia...

A multiband double square loop antenna with fractal concept is proposed. The design is based on an initial model of fractal geometry and a double square slot antenna structure. The initial model of fractal geometry influences to the second frequency band and it will be carefully investigated. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are still similarly to bidirectional radiation pattern. ...

Heat transfer by electromagnetic radiation is one of the common methods of energy transfer between objects. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we have studied the effect of particle arrangement in the transmission of radiative heat in many-body systems. In order to show the effect of the structure morphology on the collective properties, the radiative heat transfer is studied and the re...

A novel monopole asymmetric fractal micro strip antenna is designed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed Koch fractal monopole antenna is resonating at triband with circular polarization operation. Five diff structures without slot (basic model), single slot (Iteration 1), double slotted (Iteration 2), triple slotted (Iteration 3), and optimized fractal slot (Iteration 4) are studied for ci...

A Planar antenna with Microstrip feed Sierpinski carpet fractal geometry for multiband applications is presented. The multiband behavior is analyzed through two fractal iterations. Self similarity property of fractal technology is applied in the antenna design to reduce the physical size, increase bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna covers multi bands such as 1.8/5.59/5.78/6.4/6.63/7.84 GH...

The use of Beer's law to describe the radiation regime in plant canopies is valid for a sufficiently large volume filled densely with phytoelements. This set a limit to the scale at which models, based on Beer's law, can account for structural features of vegetation canopies and provide an adequate prediction of the radiation regime. The aim of our paper is to analyze radiation interaction in v...

Research done during the previous century established our Standard Cosmological Model. There are many details still to be filled in, but few would seriously doubt the basic premise. Past surveys have revealed that the largescale distribution of galaxies in the Universe is far from random: it is highly structured over a vast range of scales. Surveys being currently undertaken and being planned f...

The statistics of isothermal lines and loops of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation on the sky map is studied and the fractal structure is confirmed in the radiation temperature fluctuation. We estimate the fractal exponents, such as the fractal dimension De of the entire pattern of isothermal lines, the fractal dimension Dc of a single isothermal line, the exponent in Korčak’s law ...