Insect pollination underpins apple production but the extent to which different pollinator guilds supply this service, particularly across different apple varieties, is unknown. Such information is essential if appropriate orchard management practices are to be targeted and proportional to the potential benefits pollinator species may provide. Here we use a novel combination of pollinator effec...

One of the main factors that cause to quality loss for fresh fruit market apples is bruise damage. Amongst the factors that affect apple sensitivity to bruising, major one is drop height and area profile during the impact. In the present study, four Iranian apple varieties consisted of Atirli, Kapak, Kowse and Paiez that were selected and 100 fruits of each variety were picked up, then apples w...

in modern agriculture, image processing technique is used for mechanization and intelligent machines instead of humans. one of them is identifying varieties of plants and fruits. identifying plant varieties is important in plant eugenic programs. visual examination of plant leaves and fruits are the common processes for this aim. identification and classification of plants using machine vision ...

One of the main factors that cause to quality loss for fresh fruit market apples is bruise damage. Amongst the factors that affect apple sensitivity to bruising, major one is drop height and area profile during the impact. In the present study, four Iranian apple varieties consisted of Atirli, Kapak, Kowse and Paiez that were selected and 100 fruits of each variety were picked up, then apples w...

Apple canker caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Neonectria ditissima is an economically important disease, which has spread in recent years to almost all pome-producing regions of the world. N. ditissima is able to cross-infect a wide range of apple varieties and causes branch and trunk lesions, known as cankers. Most modern apple varieties are susceptible and in extreme cases suffer from hig...

Both the origin of domesticated apple and the overall phylogeny of the genus Malus are still not completely resolved. Having this as a target, we built a 134,553-position-long alignment including two previously published chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) and 45 de novo sequenced, fully colinear chloroplast genomes from cultivated apple varieties and wild apple species. The data produced are free from c...

Objectives: The goals of this 4-year project were extended gradually from developing alternative apple coatings to three additional goals: (1) Evaluate flavor of major apple varieties using GC and electronic nose during CA storage and simulated marketing for documentation of changes due to storage time, temperature, atmosphere, and 1-MCP pre-treatment (to determine flavor life as opposed to she...

considering the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture in recent decades and increasing risks of diseases and environmental hazards in human society’s , standards of remaining pesticides in food and agricultural products required to be considered.in this study, residues of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in apple in the damavand region evaluated. sampled randomly from the apple or...