This article presents a new analysis of the distribution apprenticeships brokered by London Foundling Hospital, England’s pre-eminent charitable foundation in eighteenth century for orphaned and abandoned children. It explores similarities differences between charity apprenticeship parish systems supplying pauper children’s labour during critical first phase English Industrial Revolution, withi...

Abstract In this article we study the distinct formative stages of labour market for external wet nurses employed by Galician foundling hospitals in second half nineteenth century. We focus on changes nature nurses’ work due to benevolence laws (1822, 1836, 1849) that were driven Spain’s liberal state. also examine socio-demographic profile and geographic distribution their markets. Finally, ex...

The object of the following s tudy is twofold: to determine the presence of influenza-like bacilli in the throat and bronchial mucus of children with and without pulmonary inflammations, and to arrive at a differentiation of these bacilli by means of cultural characters and agglutination reactions. The material was chosen with a view to including as many different pulmonary conditions as possib...

Traditionally, infants abandoned at foundling hospitals were identified as "bastards" and "children of vice" whose health, to all intents and purposes, reflected the moral sins of their parents and thus, led to unavoidable mortality. By late 19th century, several changes challenged that consideration: a growing emphasis on the importance of fighting infant mortality, the appearance of a new, me...

ç 2005 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0026-8232/2005/10204-0003$10.00 Demographers and historians refer to the eighteenth century as the “century of illegitimacy,”1 pointing out that “in every city in England and the continent for which data are available, the upsurge of illegitimacy commenced around 1750 or before.”2 Whereas scholars such as Edward Shorter, Peter Laslett, L...