Second language acquisition research over the past three decades has generated a wide spectrum of different interpretations of “fossilization” – a construct introduced by Selinker (1972) for characterizing lack of grammatical development in second language learning. These conceptual differences found in the literature, it has become increasingly clear, create confusion rather than offering clar...

Since the phenomenon of fossilization in intelanguage is proposed by Selinker in 1972, it has drawn much attention and commonly acknowledged at home and abroad. This paper introduces the definition, classification, presentation, and causal factors of fossilization in an attempt to help Chinese students better understand the phenomenon and avoid its influence by the proposal of some suggestions.

Aging is an inescapable fact of human life. In most areas of our lives, aging leads to an unremarkable, gradual decline in physical ability. For example, no one questions why a 40-year-old runner can no longer compete in the Olympics. As the body ages, metabolism slows, joints wear out, and energy is diminished. Aging also has a uniform natural effect on the learning of new skills. As a result,...

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If fossilization was simply replacement of bone with stone, fossil and living bones wouldn't be as chemically similar as they are, and the intricate details found in fossilized dinosaur bones would not have survived [1]. Even more intriguing is the fact that some of the proteins in bone have survived the fossilization process, in dinosaurs and "older" fossils [2], a fact very consistent with a ...

Citation: Zeyen N, Benzerara K, Li J, Groleau A, Balan E, Robert J-L, Estève I, Tavera R, Moreira D and López-García P (2015) Formation of low-T hydrated silicates in modern microbialites from Mexico and implications for microbial fossilization. Front. Earth Sci. 3:64. doi: 10.3389/feart.2015.00064 Formation of low-T hydrated silicates in modern microbialites from Mexico and implications for mi...