The paper briefly reviews the difficulties encountered in achieving further major improvement in some aspects of the software evolution process. This may, it is suggested, be due, in part, to the fact that the global process is a complex, multi loop multilevel feedback system. After summarising the results of a 1970s study and the laws of software evolution that arose from it, the paper introdu...

Abstract: In this paper, the forming process of a central hub by radial-forward extrusion is analyzed by using the finite element software, ABAQUS. Radial-forward extrusion is used to produce hollow parts that generally feature a central hub with radial protrusions. Effective design factors such as mandrel diameter, die corner radius, die fillet radius, mandrel corner radius, tube wall thick...

Thanks in no small measure to the work of groups such as IFIP WG 2.3 and its members based on earlier work in areas such as high level programming languages, major progress have been achieved in programming methodology and methods [gri78]. In particular, it led to major advances in computer science and to the increasing use of formal methods in software development. This, in turn, was applied t...

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis (FO) membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased ...