The present study aimed to investigate the role of adenylyl cyclase activator in preventing diabetic nephropathy via antioxidant activity in rats. Biochemical parameters were performed to confirm Streptozotocin induced nephropathy in rats. Male Wistar rats were used in the present study to reduce the effect of estrogen. Rats were subjected to high fat diet (HFD) for two weeks followed by low do...

Background: Germ cell development processes are influenced by soluble factors and intercellular signaling events between them and the neighboring somatic cells. More insight into the molecular biology of the germ cell development from embryonic stem (ES) cells and investigation of appropriate factors, specifically those targeting differentiation process, is of great importance. In this study, w...

Allosteric Activation of Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) serves as a cellular target small molecule forskolin to promote osteoblast differentiation and ameliorate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Forskolin binds TGM2 on previously undisclosed allosteric site activate by inducing an “open” conformation, thereby improving mitochondrial energy metabolism for osteoporosis treatment. More details can be ...

Background: The effects of cumulus cells and the effectiveness of a PDE3 specific inhibitor (Cilostamide) in comparison with an adenylate cyclase activator (Forskolin) on the maturation rate and developmental competence of mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes were evaluated Materials and Methods: Germinal vesicles (GV) oocytes of PMSG-primed mice were divided into cumulus denuded oocytes (CDOs) ...

Introduction: Since organophosphorus compounds (OP) are toxic and designed to destroy insects and pest species, there are many hazards associated with their use. Although, the main target site of these compounds is acetylcholinesterase (AChE), however it has become increasingly evident that OPs have also other direct effects on cellular processes. In the present study, the effects of low con...

A good understanding of the mechanism oocyte development and maturation, regulatory factors involved therein are important for success a breeding program especially species used in aquaculture. It is crucial females to supply high quality mature oocytes, which generally achieved by fine-tuning meiotic arrest resumption progression. Therefore, knowledge maturation process fundamental methodologi...

Background: The efficiency of in vitro maturation (IVM) has remained low despite extensive effort to understand the culture conditions. This study investigated the effect of cumulus cells and meiotic inhibitors on oocyte developmental competence in the presence of Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA) Materials and Methods: Mouse germinal vesicle oocytes were considered in cumulus-denuded oocytes (CDOs) and ...

introduction: since organophosphorus compounds (op) are toxic and designed to destroy insects and pest species, there are many hazards associated with their use. although, the main target site of these compounds is acetylcholinesterase (ache), however it has become increasingly evident that ops have also other direct effects on cellular processes. in the present study, the effects of low concen...

Adenylyl cyclase, E.C. 4.6.1.1, converts ATP to cyclic AMP and pyrophosphate. Mammalian membrane-delimited adenylyl cyclases (nomenclature as approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on [11]) are typically made up of two clusters six TM domains separating intracellular, overlapping catalytic that target for nonselective activators Gαs (the stimulatory G protein α subunit) forskolin (except AC9, [...