Rosenberger, Randall S.; Smith, Eric L. 1997. Nonmarket economic impacts of forest insect pests: a literature review. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-164-www. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 38 p. This report summarizes the results of research on the nonmarket economic impacts of forest insect pests. The majority of the research reports ar...

Exotic forest pests cost China and the United States billions of dollars each year. Current regulatory systems worldwide are overwhelmed with the increasing volume of international trade. Trade in nursery stock, wood products, pallets and dunnage have proven the most common means of transport for exotic forest pests. Despite our best efforts, pests such as chestnut blight, gypsy moth, Dutch elm...

Predicting future risks of damage by insect pests is an important aspect of forest management. Climate change has the potential to affect forest pests and their impact on trees through higher temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. Warmer temperatures are likely to have complex effects on insects, influencing, among other things, development rate ...

Various pests and diseases which are a disturbance in a forest plantation widely reported by many practitioners and researchers in forest management. Therefore, pests and diseases management activities become a very important part in the management of forest plantation. As an important stages in forest management, identification and recognition by an expert should be done quickly and accurately...

Forest weeds were not considered to be a major management problem in Hawai'i until the latter quarter of the last century. Most previous biological control programs in the state were against agricultural pests. An interagency committee (U.S.D.A. Forest Service, National Park Service, Hawai'i Department of Agriculture, Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, and the University of Hawai'i) was...

Forest pests and diseases is very important to forest because it not only restricts the development of forest, but also causes huge economic. Chemical pesticides control the pests and diseases effectively and pollute environment seriously. How to reduce the amount of pesticide is the research hotspot in the field of plant protection. Forest plant protection machinery is the most important way t...

during the study of natural enemies of insect pests of forest trees and shrubs in arasbaran forest of iranian province of east azarbaijan, a number of larvae of yponomeuta evonymella l. were collected on wild cherry trees. the specimens were reared in the laboratory, where parasitoid wasps of the family ichneumonidae emerged and later identified as agrypon canaliculatum (ratzeburg, 1844). the i...

Forest disturbances caused by pest insects are threatening ecosystem stability, sustainable forest management and economic return in boreal forests. Climate change and increased extreme weather patterns can magnify the intensity of forest disturbances, particularly at higher latitudes. Due to rapid responses to elevating temperatures, forest insect pests can flexibly change their survival, disp...

Historically, U.S. forests have been invaded by a variety of nonindigenous insects and pathogens. Some of these pests have catastrophically impacted important species over a relatively short timeframe. To curtail future changes of this magnitude, agencies such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service have devoted substantial resources to assessing the risks associated with recent or...

The domain knowledge of forest pests and diseases refers to many different disciplines with large numbers of knowledge .It is a significant and challenging project to share and reuse this knowledge and to retrieve what you need intelligently and efficiently. In this paper, ontology as the modeling approach is introduced into the field of forest protection .Through studying the characteristics o...