laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the joint action toxicity and biochemicaleffects of sublethal concentrations of forcados light crude oil (flco) and three dispersants against clariasgariepinus over a period of 28 days. the derived 96hrlc50 values revealed that the dispersant, ds/tt/066(0.03ml/l) was the most toxic, followed by dispersant, oc/tt/osi (0.19ml/l), flco (5.06m...

The acute toxic effect of different crude oils (heavy crude oil and bonny light crude oil) on embryos of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma was measured and evaluated by exposure to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) in the present study. The cardiac function of medaka embryos was used as target organ of ecotoxicological effect induced by oil exposure. Results showed that the developing marine...

Lighthydrocarbons are commonly used to evaluatecrude oils to determine oil families in reservoirs undergone some kind of alteration process. In this study crude oil contentsfromNorthwestern IranDelta (samples A, B and C)were analyzed in order to evaluate the IranDelta petroleum system independent of higher molecular weight markers. Ultra high resolution gas chromatography was used in separation...

the degradation of crude oil under a no-control and dispersant-control setting was evaluated using loss of biological activity test, microbial population growth and measurements of optical transmittance of test media. comparison of the toxicity of crude oil under the no-control setting to crude oil-dispersant mixture revealed that the mixture was about 2 times more toxic than the crude oil unde...

We investigated and quantified defecation rates of crude oil by 3 species of marine planktonic copepods (Temora turbinata, Acartia tonsa, and Parvocalanus crassirostris) and a natural copepod assemblage after exposure to mechanically or chemically dispersed crude oil. Between 88 and 100% of the analyzed fecal pellets from three species of copepods and a natural copepod assemblage exposed for 48...

Heavy crude oil can be upgraded to lighter oil using several techniques. However, current methods usually require high temperatures, long reaction duration, and cause serious environmental pollution. This study shows that by using carbon nanocatalysts, heavy crude oil can be efficiently upgraded to lighter oil at a relatively low temperature of about 150 °C. The temperature of crude oil was inc...