Lifschitz introduced a logic of minimal belief and negation as failure, called MBNF, in order to provide a theory of epistemic queries to nonmonotonic databases. We present a feasible subsystem of MBNF which can be translated into a logic built on first order logic and negation as failure, called FONF. We give a semantics for FONF along with an extended connection calculus. In particular, we de...

A Banach space is polyhedral if the unit ball of each of its finite dimensional subspaces is a polyhedron. It is known that a polyhedral Banach space has a separable dual and is c0-saturated, i.e., each closed infinite dimensional subspace contains an isomorph of c0. In this paper, we show that the Orlicz sequence space hM is isomorphic to a polyhedral Banach space if limt→0 M(Kt)/M(t) = ∞ for ...

Previous studies on incidental focus form (FonF) have mostly focused its overall effectiveness. This study is an attempt to further examine the effectiveness of FonF with regard different linguistic categories (vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation). To this end, eight hours a free discussion English as foreign language (EFL) class 12 upper-intermediate learners were observed, instances episod...

This paper reports on a study investigating children’s attitudes towards dictogloss, a type of focus on form task designed to facilitate learners’ understanding of the target form in a meaning-focused context. The compatibility of this language teaching procedure with interests and motivation of learners, in effect, provides a learner perspective of the effectiveness and usefulness of the task....

recent developments in cognitive linguistics have highlighted the importance and the ubiquity of metaphors in language. their effect has been instrumental in making significant headway into the pedagogical practice and design of teaching materials. the current study was carried out to explore the efficacy of focus-on-form (fonf) and focus-on-forms (fonfs) instructions on learning metaphorical l...

this study aims to compare the effects of four types of ffi on second language vocabulary learning. to do so, the study adopted a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, including five groups, each receiving a distinct treatment. the participants were 80 fourth-grade male students ranging in age from 17 to 19. before the treatment phase, the participants took a researcher-made test of vocab...

This study aims to compare the effects of four types of FFI on second language vocabulary learning. To do so, the study adopted a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, including five groups, each receiving a distinct treatment. The participants were 80 fourth-grade male students ranging in age from 17 to 19. Before the treatment phase, the participants took a researcher-made test of vocab...

We study delta-points in Banach spaces hA,p generated by adequate families A, where 1≤p<∞. When p>1, we prove that neither nor its dual contain delta-points. Under the extra assumption A is regular, same true when p=1. In particular, Schreier and their duals fail to have If consists only of finite sets, are able rule out existence hA,1 Daugavet-points dual. also show if polyhedral, then it eith...