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During 2000 and 2001, the prevalence of fungal diseases of alfalfa was surveyed underenvironmental conditions in Zanjan province, Iran. In total, 15 genera of fungal pathogens wereisolated from plants sampled from the fields. All of these disease interactions had not been previouslyrecorded in Zanjan and Colletotrichum truncatum, Leptotrochila medicaginis, Phoma medicaginis,Rhizoctonia crocorum...

For the treatment of foliar diseases of cereals, fungicides may be applied as foliar sprays or systemic seed treatments which are translocated to leaves. Little research has been done to assess the resistance risks associated with foliar-acting systemic seed treatments when used alone or in combination with foliar sprays, even though both types of treatment may share the same mode of action. It...

The transmission ecology of Phytophthora ramorum from bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) leaves was compared between mixed-evergreen and redwood forest types throughout winter and summer disease cycles in central, coastal California. In a preliminary multisite study, we found that abscission rates of infected leaves were higher at mixed-evergreen sites. In addition, final infection counts we...

The foliar compliment of evergreen conifer trees is dependent on the crown ratio and foliar longevity. Variation in foliage longevity is one of the important traits that often favours the genus Pinus over its competitors. Healthy lodgepole pine trees throughout British Columbia, Canada typically retain needles for 4 to 5 years. Foliar diseases have a profound influence on foliar longevity and c...

Plants do not produce antibodies. However, plants can correctly assemble functional antibody molecules encoded by mammalian antibody genes. Many plant diseases are caused by pathogen toxins. One such disease is the soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). SDS is a serious disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. The pathogen, however, has never been isolated from diseased foliar...

To investigate the effects of silicon on the growth characteristics and the reduction of the powdery mildew damage to Zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ʻMagellanʼ), an experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with two factors including eight treatments and three replications. The first factor included silicon concentrations at four levels...

European forests host a diversity of tree species that are increasingly threatened by fungal pathogens, which may have cascading consequences for forest ecosystems and their functioning. Previous experimental studies suggest that foliar and root pathogen abundance and disease severity decrease with increasing tree species diversity, but evidences from natural forests are rare. Here, we tested w...

in order to study the effects of foliar application of si (5/1000 ratio), k (2/1000 ratio) and zn (2/1000 ratio) on rice (cv. tarom hashem), an on-farm experiment carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012. some traits such as paddy yield and yield components, neck blast disease and stem borer damage were evaluated. results showed that the effect of fo...

There has been very little effort to incorporate foliar microbiomes into plant conservation efforts even though foliar endophytes are critically important to the fitness and function of hosts. Many critically endangered plants that have been extirpated from the wild are dependent on regular fungicidal applications in greenhouses that cannot be maintained for remote out-planted populations, whic...