Extraction of lenses for cataract surgery is one of the most frequent outpatient surgical procedures; more than three million cases are performed annually in the United States. Phacoemulsification is the commonly used method for cataract extraction. Phacoemulsification systems (also known as phacoemulsifiers, cataract extraction units, or simply, phaco units) apply high-frequency oscillations t...

Images plays a very important role in human being’s life. They are very useful in all the problems we came across day by day. Such as, satellite images are used for traffic analysis or in developed cities traffic analysis is also done through the CCTV cameras. But images which are captured under bad weather conditions suffer low contrast so as their quality also degrade with the changes in atmo...

Floating fog occurs every summer in Kushiro City in Japan, and the annual average of fog water pH in the past 4 years has been under 5.0. We previously reported that epidemiologically fog was the most important positive factor contributing to increased hospital visits of asthmatic patients compared with other meteorological values and air pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the mechanis...

The chemical characteristics of organic aerosol (OA) are still poorly constrained. Here we present observation results of the degree of oxygenation of OA based on high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS) measurements made at a coastal site in Hong Kong from late April to the end of May in 2011. Two foggy periods and one hazy period were chosen for detailed analysis ...

We propose a perceptual fog density prediction model based on natural scene statistics (NSS) and “fog aware” statistical features, which can predict the visibility in a foggy scene from a single image without reference to a corresponding fogless image, without side geographical camera information, without training on human-rated judgments, and without dependency on salient objects such as lane ...

To train and evaluate fog/haze removal models, it is highly desired but burdensome to collect a large-scale dataset comprising well-aligned foggy/hazy images with their fog-free/haze-free versions. In this paper, we propose a framework, namely Foggy and Hazy Images Simulator (FoHIS for short), to simulate more realistic fog and haze effects at any elevation in images. What’s more, no former stu...

This work addresses the problem of semantic foggy scene understanding (SFSU). Although extensive research has been performed on image dehazing and on semantic scene understanding with weatherclear images, little attention has been paid to SFSU. Due to the difficulty of collecting and annotating foggy images, we choose to generate synthetic fog on real images that depict weather-clear outdoor sc...

The Doubtful Profitability of Foggy Pricing* A particular tariff option is said to be foggy when another option or a combination of other tariff options offered by the same firm is always less expensive regardless of the usage profile of any customer. Alternatively, tariff fogginess may refer to the whole set of tariff options and it is related to the low likelihood that a particular tariff opt...

hilarity and movement (presumably including eye movement) during the compression phase due to the combined effects of warmth and nitrogen narcosis, thus assisting the flow of nitrogen-laden tears between the lens and cornea, while during decompression the chamber was, as is usual, rather cold and foggy, with the subjects relatively immobile, thus minimizing any flow of tears which might have he...

The sky regions of foggy image processed by all the existing conventional dehazing methods are degraded by color distortion and severe noise. This paper proposes an improved algorithm which combines dark channel prior and inverse image. We first invert the foggy image, and then estimate the transmission of the inverse image. At last, compared with the non-inversed transmission, the larger value...