purpose: hidden caries is a term used to describe occlusal dentine caries that is missed on a visual examination, but can be detected by bitewing radiographs. the aim of this study is the review of new studies about this lesion and presentation the ways for diagnosis, prevention and treatmen of this lesion. review of literature: investigations believe that the etiology of this lesion is the mor...

BACKGROUND A review of the safety and efficacy of drinking water fluoridation was commissioned by the UK Department of Health to investigate whether the evidence supported a beneficial effect of water fluoridation and whether there was any evidence of adverse effects. Down's syndrome was one of the adverse effects reported. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence for an association be...

BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients are prone to caries development due to reduction of salivary flow. Topical fluoride is commonly prescribed for caries prevention. METHODS In this 24-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, SS patients were randomly assigned to receive either fluoride varnish or placebo gel quarterly. Development and arrest of caries at the...

The use of fluoride for the treatment of established vertebral osteoporosis in adults with the symptomatic crush fracture syndrome is approved for use in 8 European countries.' This treatment was suggested by the low prevalence of osteoporosis in some areas where the drinking water contained moderately high concentrations of fluoride` and by the enormously increased bone density characteristic ...

The care for mentally ill patients with combined impairment deals with orofacial dysfunctions of the mentally ill, especially children suffering from Down syndrome and cerebral palsy. Objective of the study was to assess urine fluoride excretion in disabled patients with orofacial dysfunctions in relation to prevention of dental caries. The urine fluoride concentrations in disabled people were ...

The present study examined the thyroid function and low T3 state in a group of patients exposed to different concentration of fluoride in drinking water. 139 subjects from severe endemic fluorosis areas and 140 subjects as control group were randomly selected. The functional activity of thyroid gland was measured and the findings indicate that the level of TSH and rT3 was significantly (P<0.001...

statement of the problem generally, the main source of fluoride intake is drinking water. excessive consumption of bottled water as a substitute or in addition to the tap water supply may have implications for safe fluoride supplementation. in this study, fluoride contents in six commercial brands of bottled water were measured materials and methods six different brands of bottled drinking wate...

Down syndrome (DS) birth rates (BR) as a function of maternal age exhibit a relatively flat linear regression line for younger mothers and a fairly steep one for older mothers with the second line intersecting the first line a little above maternal age 30. Consequently, overall DS-BR for all maternal ages are not a very reliable parameter for detecting environmental influences, since they may b...

tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage world wide. tea ( camellia sinensis ) is a naturally rich source of fluoride. the quantity of fluoride intake is important in optimizing its dental caries-preventive role. intense concentration of fluoride in tea, can lead to excessive fluoride intake which may cause health problems in turn. the measurement of fluoride intake usually requires in...