sperm is produced by the testis and mature in the epididymis. for having a successful conception, the fertilizing sperm should have functional competent membranes, intact acrosome, functional mitochondria and an intact haploid genome. the effects of genetic and environmental factors result in sperm vulnerability to damage in the process of spermatogenesis and maturation. in recent years, the fe...

This report describes the detailed procedures for Western blot analysis using fluorescent antibodies. After electrophoresis and subsequent electroblotting, the fluorescent-labeled antibodies were visible upon ultraviolet illumination of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and could then be photographed to give an accurate record of the blots. Fluorescent labeling allows for photographi...

The rapid fluorescent-antibody staining technique described by Kellogg and Deacon for staining Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum was applied to fluorescent-antibody tests for group A streptococci and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Results obtained with this staining technique were compared with results using the conventional staining procedure; excellent correlation was obtained....