The Amur River is one of the largest rivers of the world. Its length is 4350 km and its total discharge is about 390 km from a river basin of 1,855,000 km. The regime of the Amur River is distinguished by the spring–summer flood, summer low water, summer– fall flood, and winter low water. The spring flood is caused by melting snow and the summer–fall flood is caused by monsoon rains in the rive...

Seasonally snow covered areas of the mountain ranges are important components in the global hydrologic cycle. Therefore monitoring the extent of the seasonal snow cover and the accumulation and ablation zones of glaciers is essential for understanding of the global hydrologic cycle, one of the objectives in the study of the Earth sciences. Seasonal snow cover is the major source of the fresh wa...

Seasonal snow cover is a key component of the Earth’s energy balance and a key storage mechanism for water. In many areas of the world, people rely on snowmelt runoff for their water resources. For example, melting snow contributes upwards of 70% of the total annual water supply in the western U.S., and in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal snow and ice melt from the Hindu Kush and Himalay...

The catchment of the river Inn is located in the Swiss and Austrian Alps. In the frame of the flood forecasting system “HoPI” (Hochwasserprognose für den Tiroler Inn), the Austrian part of the river Inn and its tributaries are covered within a hybrid numerical model. The runoff from the glacierized headwaters of the south-western Inn tributaries is calculated using the Snowand Icemelt Model “SE...

Background: In this article, it was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic. In the small area, even though there is a huge gap of difference of the environment between the snow-filled area and snow-melt one, the latter did not have distinctive environmental gradients....

A full scale snow melting system with heat pipe technology is built in this work, which avoids the negative effects on concrete structure and environment caused by traditional deicing chemicals. The snow melting, ice-freezing performance and temperature distribution characteristics of heat pipe concrete runway were discussed by the outdoor experiments. The results show that the temperature of t...

a considerable part of precipitation falls in the form of snow in golestan watershed. in turn, snowmelt plays a significant role in surface runoff, groundwater feeding and flood propagation in this area. snow cover area (sca) as an indicator of stored water can be implemented for temporal and spatial monitoring of snowmelt in the hydrological models. to monitor spatial and temporal variation of...