This study aims at evaluating the impacts of flocculant addition to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). Three types of common flocculants (FeCl3, PACl and chitosan) were tested based on the performance of organic and nutrients removal, respiration test and fouling control. The data showed that all of the flocculants not only could keep high removal efficiencies of DOC and COD (>90%) compare...

Chemical flocculants are generally used in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to their efficacy and cost effectiveness. However, the question of their toxicity to human health and environmental pollution has been a major concern. In this article, we review the application of some chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment, and bioflocculants as a potential alternative to these ch...

Novel flocculants have been synthesized on the basis of glycogen. The efficiency of cationic glycogen can be explained in terms of Singh’s qualitative easy approachability model (EAM). The jar test was used previously to evaluate flocculation efficacy, but we have recently shown that a plot of interface height vs. settling times provides a better measure. In accord with the EAM, a one-to-one co...

Synthetic polymeric flocculants are used extensively for wastewater remediation, soil stabilization, and reduction in water leakage from unlined canals. Sources of highly active, inexpensive, renewable flocculants are needed to replace synthetic flocculants. High kaolin flocculant activity was documented for bovine blood (BB) and blood plasma with several anticoagulant treatments. BB serum also...

the opuntia ficus indica mucilage was an abundant and a low cost product. in the presentpaper, it was tested as an eco-friendly flocculants for textile waste water treatment. its performance asflocculants in decolorization, cod removal and turbidity abatement was checked. the natural product wascharacterized using uv-vis and infra-red spectroscopy. the study of the effect, followed by an optimi...

The fact that water is the most important material used by mankind defines the importance of water purification. Wastewater and industrial effluent treatment require removal of suspended solids for purification and possible re-usage. The removal can be accomplished by gravitation (very slow), by coagulation (dependent on electric charge situation) and by flocculation (not dependent on electric ...

Waxy maize starch phosphates were tested as flocculants in order to determine if they have the potential to replace petroleum-based polymer flocculants currently used commercially. Phosphorylation was carried out by dry heating of starches and sodium orthophosphates at 140 C for 4 h. Native and phosphorylated waxy maize starches were ineffective as flocculants for kaolin in deionized water. How...

The waste water and industrial effluent-treatment requires both inorganic and organic flocculants. Among the organic type, polymeric flocculants (synthetic as well as natural) are preferred because of their low dosage, easy handling, inertness to pH changes, production of large cohesive flocs and versatile tailorability. The concern for environmental and ecological issues warrants the use of th...

The influence on impurity removal exerted by the application of flocculants in the phosflotation process has been investigated. A number of cationic flocculants are shown to enhance the removal of colour and starch. The use of flocculants did not influence the turbidity and conductivity ash of the clarified liquor. Changes in filterability and phosphate content of clear liquor resulting from th...

Coking wastewater from the process of coking, coal gas purification and the coking products refine, whose ingredients are complicated and inconstant, is hard to meet the standard of reclaimed water used for industrial water by secondary treatment. In view of this situation, the advanced treatment technique of coking wastewater was desired. The innovatory flocculation treatment was used to regen...