Block-flexure is the most common mode of toppling failure in natural and excavated rock slopes. In such failure, some rock blocks break due to tensile stresses and some overturn under their own weights and then all of them topple together. In this paper, first, a brief review of previous studies on toppling failures is presented. Then, the physical and mechanical properties of experimental mode...

block-flexure is the most common mode of toppling failure in natural and excavated rock slopes. in such failure, some rock blocks break due to tensile stresses and some overturn under their own weights and then all of them topple together. in this paper, first, a brief review of previous studies on toppling failures is presented. then, the physical and mechanical properties of experimental mode...

One of the most conventional toppling instabilities is the block-flexural toppling failure that occurs in civil and mining engineering projects. In this kind of failure, some rock columns are broken due to tensile bending stresses, and the others are overturned due to their weights, and finally, all of the blocks topple together. A specific feature of spheroidal weathering is the rounding of th...

In layered and blocky rock slopes, toppling failure is a common mode of instability that may occur in mining engineering. If this type of slope failure occurs as a consequence of another type of failure, it is referred to as the secondary toppling failure. “Slide-head-toppling” is a type of secondary toppling failures, where the upper part of the slope is toppled as a consequence of a semi-circ...

toppling failure is one of the most common modes of failure of rock slopes in layered rock strata. flexural toppling is one of the well-known modes of the failure. this type of failure occurs due to bending stress. in this article, a brief yet comprehensive review of toppling failure is presented. firstly, the conditions and general mechanism of the failure are described. then, experimental, th...

Toppling failure is one of the most common modes of failure of rock slopes in layered rock strata. Flexural toppling is one of the well-known modes of the failure. This type of failure occurs due to bending stress. In this article, a brief yet comprehensive review of toppling failure is presented. Firstly, the conditions and general mechanism of the failure are described. Then, experimental, th...

One of the most important instabilities of rock slopes is toppling failure. Among the types of toppling failure, block-flexural failures are more common instability which occurs in nature. In this failure, some rock blocks break because of tensile stresses, and some overturn under their weights, and next to all of them topple together. Physical and theoretical modeling of this failure is studie...

OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of interfacial surface roughness on the flexure strength and fracture mode and origin utilizing an in-vitro assessment of the clinical failure conditions expected for all-ceramic crowns and the connector area of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) using bilayered ceramic specimens tested in bi-axial flexure. METHODS Sets of 20 bilayered composite discs, with core:den...

Abstract Toppling rock slopes, induced by rapid and continuous downcutting of Lancang River, are widely distributed in the mountainous area southwest China. To investigate instability mechanism 1# toppling slope Huangdeng Hydropower Station under seismic loading, particle flow code (PFC) is applied to simulate dynamic response failure mode. The study considers characteristics displacement, velo...