purpose: to present 3 rare cases of benign flecked retina syndrome. patients and finding: a 19-year-old female patient presented with fundus albipunctatus appearance in fundoscopy without night blindness and normal dark adaptation time on electeroretinography (erg). after 9 years of follow up, no change in visual acuity, erg, or other ophthalmologic examinations was seen. two members of her fam...

A family with a benign form of fleck retina is described. Seven out of 10 siblings were affected. The consanguinious parents were both normal. The fundi were massively invaded by lesions which appeared as discrete, bright white or yellow flecks situated well behind the retinal blood vessels. The macula was always free. Fluorescein studies revealed a healthy macula and retinal and choroidal bloo...

PURPOSE To determine the effects of X-linked and autosomal recessive Alport syndrome on retinal basement membranes and how these result in the characteristic perimacular dot-and-fleck retinopathy, lozenge, and macular hole. METHODS The type IV collagen chains present in the normal retina were determined immunohistochemically. Ten patients with Alport syndrome underwent retinal photography and...

Alport syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by progressive renal failure, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Mutations in the COL4A5 (X-linked), or COL4A3 and COL4A4 (autosomal recessive) genes result in absence of the collagen IV α3α4α5 network from the basement membranes of the cornea, lens capsule, and retina and are associated with corneal opacities, anterior lenticonus, flec...

Let p be a prime, and let n > 1 and r be integers. In this paper we study Fleck’s quotient Fp(n, r) = (−p) X