Background and Objectives: For total analytical error, imprecision (SD) and bias, performance goals for laboratory tests have most often been developed. A total analytical error goal requires that the combination of errors from all sources (random and systematic errors) be within some acceptable limit. M...

background and objectives: for total analytical error, imprecision (sd) and bias, performance goals for laboratory tests have most often been developed. a total analytical error goal requires that the combination of errors from all sources (random and systematic errors) be within some acceptable limit. materials and methods: fifty vials of sodium and potassium standards (sandos company) were ch...

among abiotic stresses, salinity has been increasing over the time for many reasons like using chemical fertilizers, global warming and rising sea levels. under salinity stress, the loss of water availability, toxicity of na+ and ion imbalance directly reduces carbon fixation and biomass production in plants. k+ is a major agent that can counteract na+ stresses, thus the potential of plants to ...

BE PIONEER WORK of Lundegardh (1) established flame photometry as an analytical technic, but widespread interest was not aroused until 1945, when Barnes et al. (2) described a simple instrument which was much faster and at least as accurate as existing chemical methods for the determination of certain metals. A dormant clinical interest in the measurement of serum sodium and potassium was there...

Sodium was determined by flame photometry and by direct potentiometry in 56 serum or plasma samples from 24 patients with multiple myeloma or macroglobulinemia. We observed differences between the two techniques as large as 17 mmol/L (12%). The flame-photometric values decreased relative to the direct-potentiometric values as protein increased or water content decreased. Moreover, the two sodiu...

Tests of additivity of the postreceptoral pathways that mediate the perception of blackness were conducted under conditions of spatial contrast. Observers increased the radiance of a surrounding annulus until a broadband (white) test center appeared completely black. Additivity tests with heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and direct brightness matching were also conducted for each observ...