iranian art is one of the richest artistic heritages in the world comprising different fields such as architecture, paintings, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking, petrography, etc. this art had inseparable link with nature; especially with plants and animals in different eras; and it has been interwoven with poetry and literature so that its glory, beauty and expression have increased ...

In the face of global overfishing of wild-caught seafood, ocean fish farming has augmented the supply of fresh fish to western markets and become one of the fastest growing global industries. Accurate reporting of quantities of wild-caught fish has been problematic and we questioned whether similar discrepancies in data exist in statistics for farmed fish production. In the Mediterranean Sea, o...

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has determined that the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) warrants listing as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Central to any conservation planning for the black-tailed prairie dog is an appropriate detection and monitoring technique. Because coarse-resolution satellite imagery is not adequate to detect black-tailed...

Although the function of polarization vision, the ability to discern the polarization characteristics of light, is well established in many terrestrial and benthic species, its purpose in pelagic species (squid and certain fish and crustaceans) is poorly understood [1]. A long-held hypothesis is that polarization vision in open water is used to break the mirror camouflage of silvery fish, as bi...

Bayer colour filter arrays (CFA) are commonly used to obtain digital colour imagery from a single-chip CCD or CMOS camera. Colour information is captured via a regular array of colour filters placed over the image sensor, and the full colour image is reconstructed in a demosaicing process. Colour imagery derived in such a way is prone to visual artefacts including false colours, poor edge defin...

Photogrammetric techniques can and should be used for reconstruction of underwater scenes, in particular for estimation of fish sizes and species’ recognition. However, specifics of the medium render most of the algorithms developed for in-air conditions inapplicable without major alterations. The authors describe results of their experimentation with collected imagery and work in progress.

One of the major uses of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been to provide aerial imagery for applications, such as quantitative remote sensing and surveillance. UAVs have the potential to provide this imagery in a much more cost-effective manner than satellite systems. Additionally they have the added advantage of being able to collect the data on an “as needed” basis (eg. daily) and can als...

Eye movements during mental imagery are not epiphenomenal but assist the process of image generation. Commands to the eyes for each fixation are stored along with the visual representation and are used as spatial index in a motor-based coordinate system for the proper arrangement of parts of an image. In two experiments, subjects viewed an irregular checkerboard or color pictures of fish and we...

Eye movements during mental imagery are not epiphenomenal but assist the process of image generation. Commands to the eyes for each fixation are stored along with the visual representation and are used as spatial index in a motor-based coordinate system for the proper arrangement of parts of an image. In two experiments, subjects viewed an irregular checkerboard or color pictures of fish and we...

RPAS (Remotely piloted aircraft systems, i.e., drones) present an efficient method for mapping schooling coastal forage fish species that have limited distribution and abundance data. However, imagery acquisition in marine environments is highly dependent on suitable environmental conditions. Additionally, the size, color depth of schools will impact their detectability imagery. In this study, ...