total petroleum hydrocarbon ( tph ) are environmental contaminants that are released into the marine environment through oil spills, industrial and domestic activities. tph are readily transformed into more hydrophilic metabolites, which are accumulated in bile. thus fish bile can be used as a biomarker of exposure of fish to tph in the marine environment. in this study several stations were se...

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ( TPH ) are environmental contaminants that are released into the marine environment through oil spills, industrial and domestic activities. TPH are readily transformed into more hydrophilic metabolites, which are accumulated in bile. Thus fish bile can be used as a biomarker of exposure of fish to TPH in the marine environment. in this study several stations were se...

Biliary lipids (bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, plant sterols) were determined in 89 vertebrate species (cartilaginous and bony fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals), and individual phospholipid classes were measured in 35 species. All samples contained conjugated bile salts (C(27) bile alcohol sulfates and/or N-acyl amidates of C(27) and/or C(24) bile acids). Phospholipids were generally...

BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to gain knowledge on the role of bile components and lecithin on development of aberrations in digestive functions which seemingly have increased in Atlantic salmon in parallel with the increased use of plant ingredients in fish feed. Post smolt Atlantic salmon were fed for 77 days one of three basal diets: a high fish meal diet (HFM), a low fishmeal ...

The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a hypoxia-tolerant neotropical fish species. There is little or no information in this species regarding biochemical adaptations to waters with different oxygen concentrations, such as the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant scavengers, which might be of interest in the study of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Metallothioneins (MT) have be...

INTRODUCTION Bile is a multi-functional fluid that acts both as a detergent to aid lipid digestion, and as an excretory fluid for substances that cannot be eliminated by urine (Hofmann, 1999). Bile salts, which are a key constituent of bile, are steroidal compounds with a characteristic fused four-carbon-ring skeleton often found conjugated with glycine, taurine, cysteine or sulphate groups (Go...

We report a rare case of bile duct stone formation around an ingested fish bone as a nidus after pancreatoduodenectomy. A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our department for fever and epigastric pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an elongated bile duct stone containing a linearly shaped foreign body of bone density. Enteroscopic lithotomy was performed using single balloon enteroscop...

of fresh fish bile on guinea-worm embryos and also on cyclops infected as well as uninfected. It was found that fresh bile of the following species of fish, Barbus puckelli, Barbus punctatus and Barbus gelius, exerts a definite lethal action on cyclops and also on guinea-worm embryos. When undiluted fresh bile was used, it was found that it took about one to two minutes to kill the cyclops and ...