background & aim : the causes of increased rate of cesarean section (c-section) are not completely known. the repeated c-sections are frequently reported in studies conducted in iran. this study aimed to determine the frequency of, and indications for the first time csection (fcs) in zanjan, iran in 2012-2013. methods & materials : a cross-sectional study was conducted and systematic random sam...

abstract background: as any delay in the onset of milk production and ejection in the first few days after delivery can cause breast-feeding failure, this study has been done to determine factors that may affect the onset time of lactation in vaginal and cesarean section deliveries with and without labor pain (elective). methods: 300 partujient mothers selected from two private and university h...

conclusions: patients who were given ketamine before or after cesarean section subcutaneously at incision site had lower pain intensity and less analgesic consumption than patients who were given placebo. patients and methods: sixty patients, aged between 18 and 25 years old, scheduled for elective cesarean section, were enrolled to this double-blind randomized controlled trial study. patients ...

background: high cesarean section rate is a major health problem in developing countries. this study was established to evaluate the effectiveness of iranian ministry of health and medical education protocols on cesarean section rate trend. methods: through a non-concurrent controlled quasi-experimental study, cesarean section rate in shohada-e-tajrish and taleghani hospitals in tehran was comp...

materials and methods in a randomized clinical trial, 60 patients, scheduled for cesarean section were randomly divided in to 2 groups gum-chewing group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) postoperatively. the patients in the gum-chewing group postoperatively chewed sugar free gum 3 times daily each time for 1 hour until discharge. the patients' demographic characteristics, duration of sur...

 ABSTRACT Background: As any delay in the onset of milk production and ejection in the first few days after delivery can cause breast-feeding failure, this study has been done to determine factors that may affect the onset time of lactation in vaginal and cesarean section deliveries with and without labor pain (elective). Methods: 300 partUJient mothers selected from two private and university ...

background & aim: the effect of the anesthetic substance given to the mother during cesarean section, and the pain experienced by the mother after the intervention practiced on the mother during cesarean section delay the mother-infant interaction and the initiation breastfeeding time. this study has been conducted to determine the effects of breastfeeding counseling given to the mothers that g...

melatonin has been suggested as a new natural pain killer in inflammatory pain and during surgical procedures. we designed this randomized double-blind controlled study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and also optimal preemptive dose of melatonin in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.one hundred twenty patients scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia ...