the sharp upper bounds and the sharp lower bounds of the largest eigenvalues $lambda_1$, the least eigenvalue $lambda_n$, the second largest eigenvalue $lambda_2$, the spread and the separator among all firefly graphs on $n$ vertices are determined.

Software testing is an important but complex part of software development life cycle. The optimization of the software testing process is a major challenge, and the generation of the independent test paths remains unsatisfactory. In this paper, we present an approach based on metaheuristic firefly algorithm to generate optimal test paths. In order to optimize the test case paths, we use a modif...

The structure of the community is one of the important features of social networks. A community is a sub graph which nodes have a lot of connections to nodes of inside the community and have very few connections to nodes of outside the community. The objective of community detection is to separate groups or communities that are linked more closely. In fact, community detection is the clustering...

Firefly algorithm is a recently added member of the swarm intelligence heuristics family. In this paper the firefly algorithm is adjusted and applied to integer programming problems. In order to deal with integer programming problems, firefly algorithm rounds the parameter values to the closest integer after producing new solutions. The performance of firefly algorithm is tested on seven proble...

This paper focuses on the modelling and control of an electromagnetic suspension using bond graph tool. technique combines graphical relational aspects to establish connections between elements, particularly in deducing junction relationships employing bicausal inversion for trajectory tracking controller design. To determine parameters, we utilized a meta-heuristic method called Firefly optimi...

Firefly algorithm is an optimization algorithm which mimics the behavior of fireflies to solve problems. In this paper, firefly algorithm with mutation is researched and the performance effect of parameter settings is studied in order to show which setting is more suitable for solving optimization problems. It is tested on ten standard function problems and compared with original firefly algori...

BACKGROUND Bioluminescence in fireflies and click beetles is produced by a luciferase-luciferin reaction. The luminescence property and protein structure of firefly luciferase have been investigated, and its cDNA has been used for various assay systems. The chemical structure of firefly luciferin was identified as the D-form in 1963 and studies on the biosynthesis of firefly luciferin began ear...

Background: Bioluminescence in fireflies and click beetles is produced by a luciferase-luciferin reaction. The luminescence property and protein structure of firefly luciferase have been investigated, and its cDNA has been used for various assay systems. The chemical structure of firefly luciferin was identified as the D-form in 1963 and studies on the biosynthesis of firefly luciferin began ea...

In this paper, a quaternion firefly algorithm is utilized to solve a multi-row facility layout design problem with the objective of minimizing the total cost of transportation. A quaternion firefly algorithm takes the motion of the firefly as a quaternion one. Consequently, the solution space is explored more accurately and the answers are of higher quality. That is, the answers are considerabl...