Wildfire ignition requires a combination of an open spark, and suitable weather and fuel conditions.Models of fire occurrence and burned area provide a good understanding of the physical and climatic factors that constrain and promote fire spread and recurrence, but information on how humans influence ignition patterns is still lacking at a scale compatible with integrated fire management.We in...

Damage of the urban gas network due to an earthquake can cause much loss including fire-induced loss to infrastructure and loss due to interruption of gas service and repairing or replacing of network elements. In this paper, a new fire ignition model is proposed and applied to a conventional semi-probabilistic model for estimating various losses due to damage of an urban gas network in an eart...

The current WRF-Fire model starts the fire from a given ignition point at a given time. We want to start the model from a given fire perimeter at a given time instead. However, the fuel balance and the state of the atmosphere depend on the history of the fire. The purpose of this work is to create an approximate artificial history of the fire based on the given fire perimeter and time and an ap...

Fire simulation studies that use models such as FARSITE often assume that ignition locations are distributed randomly, because spatially explicit information about actual ignition locations are difficult to obtain. However, many studies show that the spatial distribution of ignition locations, whether humancaused or natural, is non-random. Thus, predictions from fire simulations based on random...

Humans have a profound effect on fire regimes by increasing the frequency of ignitions. Although ignition is an integral component of understanding and predicting fire, to date fire models have not been able to isolate the ignition location, leading to inconsistent use of anthropogenic ignition proxies. Here, we identified fire ignitions from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)...

In this dissertation, we develop the multiple-source shortest path algorithms and examine their application importance in real world problems, such as wildfire modeling. The theoretical basis and its implementation in the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the fire spread code SFIRE (WRF-SFIRE model) are described. We present a data assimilation method that gives the fire spr...

The fundamental processea of ignition and eonbuation are reviewed to date as part of the OCD program for aaseaaing urban vulnerability to fire from nuclear barste* Sufficient background infomatlon is provided for use in future fire-damage aaaesaments and fire-protection procedures. Included are definitlona of the types of ignition and combustion, the factors governing ignition and combustion, a...

Spotting ignition by lofted firebrands is a significant mechanism of fire spread, as observed in many largescale fires. The role of firebrands in fire propagation and the important parameters involved in spot fire development are studied. Historical large-scale fires, including wind-driven urban and wildland conflagrations and post-earthquake fires are given as examples. In addition, research o...

Fire regimes are strongly related to weather conditions that directly and indirectly influence fire ignition and propagation. Identifying the most important meteorological fire drivers is thus fundamental for daily fire risk forecasting. In this context, several fire weather indices have been developed focussing mainly on fire-related local weather conditions and fuel characteristics. The speci...