The photoelectric smoke detector shows different levels of sensitivity to different fire types. The photoelectric detector generally is more sensitive to the gray smoke emitted by smoldering fires, and less sensitive to the black smoke emitted by flaming fires. To improve such a photoelectric detector, the light scattering phenomena by smoke particles have been studied, and numerical simulation...

This study investigates the fire safety problem of a smoke detection system in terms of the probable response of light scattering photoelectric smoke detectors. In particular, response characteristics of the smoke detectors were studied experimentally in a test chamber described in UL268, with cotton wick generated fire smoke flowing at a velocity between of 0.5 ms and 3 ms. Measurements of a ‘...

A fire detector is the most important component in a fire alarm system. Herein, we present the feasibility of a highly sensitive and rapid response gas sensor based on metal oxides as a high performance fire detector. The glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique is used to make the highly porous structure such as nanocolumns (NCs) of various metal oxides for enhancing the gas-sensing performa...

This study chronicles the development and integration of a smoke detector activation algorithm that describes the response time of a smoke detector into a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) fire model. Although the activation algorithm could be used with any CFD smoke movement model, the results here address specifically its application to the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The fire model predicts the...

This paper proposes a feature-based multi-sensor fire detector operating on ordinary video and long wave infrared (LWIR) thermal images. The detector automatically extracts hot objects from the thermal images by dynamic background subtraction and histogram-based segmentation. Analogously, moving objects are extracted from the ordinary video by intensity-based dynamic background subtraction. The...

CONTEXT Seventy percent of U.S. residential fire deaths occur in homes without a working smoke detector. To help prevent residential fire deaths, many programs have distributed or installed detectors in unprotected homes. Because persons receiving a detector may not install it and because detector batteries require annual replacement, the enduring effectiveness of these programs may be question...

In this paper, we propose a real-time fire-detector that combines foreground object information with color pixel statistics of fire. Simple adaptive background model of the scene is generated by using three Gaussian distributions, where each distribution corresponds to the pixel statistics in the respective color channel. The foreground information is extracted by using adaptive background subt...

The field investigations including the statuses of fire protection layout, fire hazards and fire protection facilities for Nanjing representative historical building (Yuejiang Tower, Tianfei Palace, Jiangnan Examination Institute and Confucius Temple) have been conducted. The problems of the investigated historical buildings are found to be: extensive distribution of combustibles, high fire loa...

Fire Alarms are widely used and have become a standard household safety device in many countries. There are various different types of fire alarms and each of them has their own pros and cons. In order for the fire alarms to work efficiently, their placement becomes very important. While this is good, it still left with a potential problem. In a big house or building, when one of the alarms is ...