BACKGROUND Fairness in financial contribution for health was determined by WHO (World Health Report, 2000) as the third goal of health systems which is measured by fairness in financial contribution index (FFCI). The aim of this study was to estimate FFCI and quantify extent of catastrophic household heath expenditures. METHODS We conducted a descriptive study during May 2008. Subjects were c...

In this paper, we propose FFCI, a framework for fine-grained summarization evaluation that comprises four elements: faithfulness (degree of factual consistency with the source), focus (precision summary content relative to reference), coverage (recall and inter-sentential coherence (document fluency between adjacent sentences). We construct novel dataset focus, coverage, coherence, develop auto...

Forests play an irreplaceable role in preserving soil and water, as well realizing carbon neutrality. However, logging urban expansion have caused widespread forest fragmentation globally, resulting biodiversity loss emissions. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to develop comprehensive index for evaluating the degree of propose effective policies protection restoration. In this study, (FFCI) was ...

Abbot JM, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Development of a Self-Directed Home Kitchen Makeover for Mothers of Young Children. The Forum. 2009;14:1-7. Available online at: www.ncsu.edu/ffci This paper describes formative research guiding the development of an intervention designed to improve the ability of mothers of young children to plan, prepare, and serve healthy family meals. Interviews showed that the ...

Background: Out-of-pocket payments for medical services may undermine access to and equity in healthcare financing. Objectives: The present study aimed determine the distribution of burden out-of-pocket among households Qazvin province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical was conducted on urban rural Iran during 2019 - 2020. Data were obtained from Statistics Center (2019 2020). optimal ...

background one common challenge to social systems is achieving equity in financial contributions and preventing financial loss. because of the large and unpredictable nature of some costs, achieving this goal in the health system presents important and unique problems. the present study investigated the household financial contributions (hfcs) to the health system.   methods the study investiga...

Background One common challenge to social systems is achieving equity in financial contributions and preventing financial loss. Because of the large and unpredictable nature of some costs, achieving this goal in the health system presents important and unique problems. The present study investigated the Household Financial Contributions (HFCs) to the health system.   Methods The study investiga...