The role of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and its analogs in pain modulation is ambiguous. Although NPFF was first characterized as an antiopioid peptide, both antinociceptive and pronociceptive effects have been reported, depending on the route of administration. Currently, two NPFF receptors, termed FF1 and FF2, have been identified and cloned, but their roles in pain modulation remain elusive becau...

The two mammalian neuropeptides NPFF and NPAF have been shown to have important roles in nociception, anxiety, learning and memory, and cardiovascular reflex. Two receptors (FF1 and FF2) have been molecularly identified for NPFF and NPAF. We have now characterized a novel gene designated NPVF that encodes two neuropeptides highly similar to NPFF. NPVF mRNA was detected specifically in a region ...

Here, we show that modern solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structures of RNA exhibit more steric clashes and conformational ambiguities than their crystallographic X-ray counterparts. To tackle these issues, we developed RNA-ff1, a new force field for structure calculation with Xplor-NIH. Using seven published NMR datasets, RNA-ff1 improves covalent geometry and MolProbity validation c...

A study was conducted to evaluate skeletal quality and eggshell parameters of molted hens at the end of the second laying cycle. Sixty Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used for this study. There were 2 controls and 4 molting treatments: full-fed control 1 (82 wk old; FF1), full-fed control 2 (122 wk old; FF2), feed withdrawal (FW), 100% alfalfa (A100), 90% alfalfa/10% layer ration (A90), and...

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was simultaneously measured at seven locations in each hemisphere by the Obrist 133Xenon inhalation method. In each of 35 healthy right-handed subjects two rest measurements were performed on consecutive days. The data analysis comprises the two-compartmentally derived parameters for flow (f1), relative tissue weight (w1), and fractional flow (FF1) respective...

No comparative study about somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) on different rat strains has been done yet. It is evident that comparative SEP studies are important since different rat strains have different physiological properties. We aimed to compare early latency SEP values from stimulation of sciatic nerve in Wistar (Wr) and Sprague-Dawley (SDr) rats which are frequently used rat strains ...

Fushi-tarazu Factor-1 (FTZ-F1) is a family of nuclear receptors involved in various developmental processes. We have cloned a zebrafish FTZ-F1 gene, termed ff1, which belongs to the fetoprotein transcription factor/liver receptor homologue-1 (FTF/LRH-1) subgroup of the FTZ-F1 family. Four transcripts arise as a result of differential promoter usage and alternative splicing at the 3'-most exons....

Clostridium dakarense strain FF1(T), is the type strain of Clostridium dakarense sp. nov., a new species within the genus Clostridium. This strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated from the fecal flora of a 4-month-old Senegalese child suffering from gastroenteritis. C. dakarense sp. nov. strain FF1(T) is an obligate anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus. Here we describe the features of...

Let A be a m n{matrix. Linear and hereditary discrepancy are deened as lindisc(A) := maxfminfkA(p ")k 1 j " 2 ff1; 1g n g jp 2 1; 1] n g herdisc(A) := maxfminfk(a ij) i2m];j2J "k 1 j " 2 ff1; 1g n g jJ n]g: We're investigating connections between the two concepts. Best results known are lindisc(A) 2(1 2 2 n) herdisc(A) for any matrix A and an example of an A satisfying lindisc(A) = 2(1 1 n+1) h...

The mud crab business is being considered by most marketing operators to be a profitable and sustainable due the high demand in international market. This study aims determine value addition at different actors-based steps; primary data was collected from 100 respondents (40 collectors, 10 fatteners, 20 depot owners, suppliers exporters) who were selected randomly Khulna, Satkhira Dhaka distric...