background: methamphetamine (ma) is a potent psychomotor stimulant with high abuse and addictive potential. ma is a neurotoxic drug which is widely abused by females of childbearing age, raising serious public health concerns in terms of exposure of the fetus to the drug. neurotoxic effects of ma on adult are well known, such as dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration and cell death in regions...

alcohol directly affects astroglial cell function, including inflammation-related activity.  and it also affects microglial cell development and function in specific ways that interfere with microglial interactions with the immune system and with neurons. neuroinflammatory processes might be involved in alcohol-induced brain damage. alcohol use, misuse and getting used to it causes different ki...

to evaluate the effects of local administration of the fetal brain extract (fbe) on the crushed peripheral nerve, 15 male wistar rats were used. the right sciatic nerve of 10 rats was locally underwent the tense compression for 30 seconds and then randomly divided into experimental and control (sham) groups. the remained rats were considered as intact animals. treatment was commenced weekly, by...

background: the objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of neospora caninum organisms in the brain of aborted fetuses and placentas of full-term calves born of seropositive cows. methods: during 2006-2007, 12 brains of aborted calves from neospora seropositive cattle and 7 pla­centas from seropositive dams giving birth to full-term calves, from four dairy cattle farms located around...

background access to appropriate images of fetal brain can greatly assist to diagnose of probable abnormalities. the aim of this study was to compare the suitability of t2-true fast imaging with steady state free precession (t2-trufi), and t2-half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (t2- haste( magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to extract the fetal brain using the level set algorithm...

Background Access to appropriate images of fetal brain can greatly assist to diagnose of probable abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of T2-True Fast Imaging with Steady State Free Precession (T2-TRUFI), and T2-Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo (T2- HASTE( magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to extract the fetal brain using the level set algorithm...

the prenatal period is a critical time for neurodevelopment and is thus a period of vulnerability during which a range of exposures have been found to exert long-term changes on brain development and behavior with implications for physical and psychiatric health. during fetal life, neurons proliferate, migrate and form connections, providing the structure of the developing brain. neurons reach ...

objective: fetal development of the central nervous system is an important and sensitive stage which is affected by many external and internal stimuli. this study aimed to investigate effect of musical stimuli on fetal rat brain. materials and methods: in this experimental study, twelve female wistar rats were selected and evenly assigned to control and musical groups. the females were mated wi...

The prenatal period is a critical time for neurodevelopment and is thus a period of vulnerability during which a range of exposures have been found to exert long-term changes on brain development and behavior with implications for physical and psychiatric health. During fetal life, neurons proliferate, migrate and form connections, providing the structure of the developing brain. Neurons reach ...