to compare the refractive and visual outcomes and higher order aberrations in patients with low to moderate myopia who underwent customized photorefractive keratectomy (prk) or  femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (femto-lasik) this study performed this research includes data of 120 consecutive eyes of 60 patients with myopia between -3.00 d and -7.00 d with or without astigmatism in two s...

This paper presents a simulation based energy consumption analysis of a heterogeneous network (HetNet) consisting of Long Term Evolution (LTE) macro-cells and LTE femto-cells. Two potential areas of energy savings are evaluated, namely, sleep modes and spectrum assignment. Sleep modes are demonstrated with practical component level power models, resulting considerable energy savings. Three spec...

of Long Term Evolution (LTE) for indoor coverage extension. Heterogeneous networks in which femto and pico-cells are overlaid onto macro-cells are extensively discussed. In order to maintain reliable service of macro-cells, it is important to mitigate destructive femto-femto (co-channel) and femto-macro (adjacent or cross channel) cell interferences respectively. This paper presents the perform...

The hierarchical macro/femto cell based BWA networks are observed to be quite promising for mobile operators as it improves their network coverage and capacity at the outskirt of the macro cell. However, this new technology introduces increased number of macro/femto handoff and wastage of electrical energy which in turn may affect the system performance. Users moving with high velocity or under...

Cellular networks are reaching their physical limits providing capacity that is almost near the Shannon theory. However, cellular usage is still increasing exponentially with hungry applications demanding higher data rates. As a result, designers are facing significant challenge in meeting the required demands. One promising solutions, being fostered by the 3GPP, is to increase the spectral eff...

In the current scenario, interference is one of the most challenging problems we are facing in femtocell deployment under the coverage of existing macrocell. Allocation of resources between femtocell and macrocell is essential to counter the effects of interference in dense femtocell networks. Advances in resource management strategies have improved the control mechanism for interference reduct...

The energy consumption of home femto base stations (BSs) can be reduced, by turning off the Wi-Fi radio interface when there is no mobile station (MS) under the coverage of the BSs or MSs do not transmit or receive data packet for long time, especially in late night. In the energy-efficient home femto BSs, if MSs have any data packet to transmit and the Wi-Fi radio interface in off state, MSs w...

This paper proposes a power allocation scheme with co-channel allocation for a femto base station (BS) that maximizes the sum-rate of its own femto mobile stations (MSs) with a constraint that limits the degradation of quality of service (QoS) of macro MSs. We have found a closed-form solution for the upper limit on the transmission power of each sub-channel that satisfies the constraint in a p...