employee empowerment is a new approach of internal motivation of job means to free internal energy of employee and also provides opportunities for them to actualize their talent, abilities and competencies. current research implemented within models of votten and kamron that implicate multi-dimensions of empowerment have four dimensions of feeling competent, feeling being meaningful, self-deter...

Based on the principle of intrinsic motivation self-determination theory, purpose present research was to unearth effect meaningful leadership followers’ positive emotional well-being indirectly through work. The following 665 workers were recruited from varied organizations and surveyed 3 times over a period one month. To test current study’s hypotheses, we checked whether work explained leade...

Although pro-environmental behaviour is often believed to be difficult, aggravating, and potentially threatening one‘s quality of life, recent studies suggest that people who behave in a more pro-environmental way are actually more satisfied with their lives. In this manuscript, we aim to explain this apparent paradox by reviewing theoretical arguments and empirical evidence for both sides of t...

happiness is among the concepts which were subject of empirical studies in 1960s. this concept has been used interchangeably with such concepts as joy, satisfaction with life and the like. while meaningfully correlating with the feeling of joy and satisfaction with life, as indicated by numerous researches, the feeling of happiness is affected by different factors and situations. the present re...

Some metagenomic studies have suggested that less than 10% of the cells that comprise our bodies are Homo sapiens cells. The remaining 90% are bacterial cells. The description of this so-called human microbiome is of great interest and importance for several reasons. For one, it helps us redefine what a biological individual is. We suggest that a human individual is now best described as a supe...

Abstract Governments often reallocate administrative units among ministries to meet parties’ office and policy demands or increase political control over the bureaucracy. How do such reforms affect work motivation performance of ministerial bureaucrats? Based on self-determination theory, this paper expects detrimental effects bureaucrats’ ability basic psychological needs competence, autonomy,...