-

The aim of this study was to investigate economic, cultural, social and emotional problems in marriage of martyrs' children in Dehaghan and Shahreza and effects of absence of father in statistical population. Research method was based on menstruation and collection tool was questionnaire too. Population selected among 492 martyrs' children in Dehaghan and Shahreza. According to Cochran&...

The literature on father absence is frequently criticized for its use of cross-sectional data and methods that fail to take account of possible omitted variable bias and reverse causality. We review studies that have responded to this critique by employing a variety of innovative research designs to identify the causal effect of father absence, including studies using lagged dependent variable ...

amine some of the issues and research relevant to male sex-role development in boys and to show some of the implications of father absence for counselor, teachers, and families. Early studies showed a significant difference between father-absent and father-present groups of boys. However, these studies were later qualified by the work in the area of surrogate fathers. In addition, the early stu...

Absence of the biological father in early childhood has been linked to depressive symptoms in mid-adolescent girls. Earlier studies have linked father absence to early timing of menarche, and early menarche is a risk factor for increased depressive symptoms in adolescence. No studies, however, have examined whether the association between father absence and depressive symptoms may be explained ...

PURPOSE Numerous studies show associations between father absence and girls' early puberty. However, most research has been retrospective, focused on menarche, and failed to consider body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and income in the analyses. This study resolves these scientific gaps. METHODS This was a prospective study of 444 girls aged 6-8 years and their caregivers (96% mothers). Data w...

Father absence is consistently associated with children's reproductive outcomes in industrialized countries. It has been suggested that father absence acts as a cue to particular environmental conditions that influence life history strategies. Much less is known, however, about the effects of father absence on such outcomes in lower-income countries. Using data from the 1988 Malaysian Family Li...

BACKGROUND Father absence has negative consequences for children's behaviour. Yet research has not examined how father absence and child behaviour may influence each other. This study models the cross-lagged relationship between father absence (non-residence) and child problem behaviour in the early years. METHODS We used data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, at children's ages 3, 5 and...