Many propositions are not known to be true or false, and many phenomena are not understood. What determines what propositions and phenomena are perceived as knowable or unknowable? We tested whether factors related to scientific methodology (a proposition’s reducibility and falsifiability), its intrinsic metaphysics (the materiality of the phenomena and its scope of applicability), and its rela...

We propose to strengthen Popper’s notion of falsifiability by adding the requirement that when an observation is inconsistent with a theory, there must be a “short proof” of this inconsistency. We model the concept of a short proof using tools from computational complexity, and provide some examples of economic theories that are falsifiable in the usual sense but not with this additional requir...

We formally prove the existence of an enduring incongruence pervading a widespread interpretation Bell inequality and explain how to rationally avoid it with natural assumption justified by explicit reference mathematical property Bell's probabilistic model. Although amendment does not alter relevance theorem regarding local realism, brings back from realm philosophical discussions about counte...

Understanding scientific concepts is a crucial factor in motivating dabblers at the start of co-created citizen science projects. This article describes PACMAC, card-based cooperative card game aimed introducing to hypothesis and falsifiability through visualization social perception map. The was evaluated five neighborhoods from El Salvador. results showed that PACMAP approachable for particip...