The use of ultraclean air (UCA) in operating theatres reduces the infection rate after joint replacement but some cases of infection still occur. We investigated one possible source of contamination, namely the setting up of instruments in a conventional plenum-ventilated preparation room. We measured bacterial fallout using agar settle plates and compared instruments set up in the preparation ...

This report provides estimates of the external radiation exposure and whole body effective dose received by residents of the continental U.S. during the period 1953-2000 from nuclear weapons tests. Doses were calculated for tests carried out in the Pacific by the U.S. and U.K. and by the U.S.S.R. at various sites in the former Soviet Union during the years 1952-62. Estimates are given on a coun...

27 Libby, W. F., "Radioactive Strontium Fallout," these PROCEEDINGS, 42, 365-390 (1956). 28 Libby, W. F., "Current Research Findings on Radioactive Fallout," these PROCEEDINGS, 42, 945-962 (1956). 29 Libby, W. F., "Radioactive Fallout," these PROCEEDINGS, 43, 758-775 (1957). 30 Public Hearings on Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests, Testimony before the Special Committee on Atomic Energy, Specia...

The fallout radioisotope Cs is widely used to study rates and patterns of soil redistribution. This method requires the knowledge about the initial fallout of cesium in the study area. This paper describes the method of establishing the initial fallout of cesium for a study area which is contaminated by Chernobyl fallout. The study was carried out on the loess area near the Ujazd village (South...

The health effects of radiation exposure from the atomic bomb fallout remain unclear. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the association between low-dose radiation exposure from the atomic bomb fallout and cancer mortality among Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Of 77 884 members in the Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Survivors Cohort, 610 residents in the terrain-shielded area wi...

Plutonium analyses of a dated coral record from the French Frigate Shoals in the central North Pacific indicate that there are two major sources of PM in this basin: close-in (troposphertc) fallout from nuclear weapons testing at the Pact& Proving Grounds in the Marshall Islands in the 1950s and global (stratospheric) fallout which peaked in 1962. Furthermore, the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio of fall...