abstract the penal legal procedure is a certain mechanism to find out the crime with respect to the behavior of the accused and the guilty. this mechanism must ensure the principles which guarantee justice and fairness, and provide the individual rights and freedoms that are the extreme goal of every just fair legal procedure. so in the proper execution of islamic commands, the necessity of obs...

Background: Advocacy is one of the most important institutions that can play a constructive role in the process of achieving justice. The presence of a lawyer in judicial trials will greatly facilitate the discovery of the truth and the prevention of encroachments and violations of citizens' rights. The necessity and importance of the right of defense have made it possible for advanced legal an...

 Background: A fair and just trial, as one of the most fundamental moral demands in the legal system, can have positive consequences in the legal system. The effectiveness of the registration system in society is increasing and it is necessary to conduct appropriate surveys to meet their expectations, especially in terms of paying attention to the substantive rules of fair trial. The rules and ...

RESEARCH QUESTIONS Couples undergoing IVF in Switzerland may have embryos in excess of their clinical need that they can donate to human embryonic stem cell research. Thus a new practice has emerged in Switzerland when IVF treatment and embryonic stem cell research come into contact. This interface needs to be investigated from an ethical-legal point of view to facilitate a fair informed choice...

the evolution of the security council sanctions approach and its focus on individuals, groups and legal persons instead of states as traditional targets of the sanctions, and the procedures of adding a name to the consolidate list of a sanctions committee and removing it from that list without respecting the basic standards of the right to a fair trail or process, has provoked serious critics c...

The article attempts to analyze the meaning of principle res iudicata pro veritate accipitur in Roman civil procedure. According law, once a final judgment was handed down lawsuit, it considered be truthful and this correspondence supported by legal presumption. truth could correspond reality (material truth) or emerge from evidence gathered course case (formal truth). purpose court’s activity ...