purpose: to evaluate the etiologies of excessive blinking in children and teenagers less than 18 years of age in hamedan, iran. methods: this study was performed during 2009-2010 as a cross-sectional study on 50 children and teenagers less than 18 years old who were referred to sheikh-al-reis and farshchian clinics in hamedan for abnormal and excessive blinking. ophthalmic and neurologic examin...

Premonitory urges are a cardinal feature in Tourette syndrome and are commonly viewed as the driving force of tics, building up before and subsiding after the execution of tics. Although the urge-tic interplay is one of the most preeminent features in Tourette syndrome, the temporal relationship between tics and urges has never been examined experimentally, mainly due to the lack of an appropri...

Atomoxetine is a nonstimulant medication shown to be efficacious in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There have been no reports to date of tics being precipitated or exacerbated by atomoxetine. We report four patients with ADHD who had developed tics on stimulants and in whom tics reappeared or were exacerbated on atomoxetine. Moreover, the tics resolved or abat...

OBJECTIVE Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for tic disorders. Atomoxetine (ATX) has been accepted as an alternative medication for patients with ADHD and a comorbid tic disorder. It is rarely reported that tic symptoms are induced by ATX. METHODS This present report described a boy with ADHD who developed tic symptoms during ATX initiation. W...

Spontaneous eye blink rate and frequency of eye tics were studied in nine Tourette patients during periods of rest, conversation, and video watching. In comparison with controls, the Tourette patients showed a significantly higher blink rate during rest and video watching. Conversation induced a significant increase in blink rate in the control group, but not in the Tourette patients, whereas v...

Background: Tic disturbances are a group of developmental neurological disorders that often occur in childhood because of abrupt and automatic constrictions of muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with a tic disorders. Methods: This present case-control research was performed on 63 children with tic disorders and 63 children who were healthy...

tics are sudden, recurrent and stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations. dopamine blockers are the main pharmacological agents used in the management of tics. opioid antagonists have been reported to have been effective in the management of tics. in this article, two patients with chronic motor tic disorder are reported, whose symptoms were disappeared by using opioid substances.

dynamical methods may provide insight into the temporal features of tics that commonly are described clinically , such as short-term bouts or bursting and longer term waxing and waning. A deeper understanding of the multiplicative processes that govern these timing New Haven, Connecticut 06520 † Department of Psychiatry patterns may clarify both microscopic neural events occurring in millisecon...

Tics in Tourette syndrome (TS) are often preceded by "premonitory urges": annoying feelings or bodily sensations. We hypothesized that, by reducing annoyance of premonitory urges, tic behaviour may be reinforced. In a 2 × 2 experimental design in healthy participants, we studied the effects of premonitory urges (operationalized as air puffs on the eye) and tic behaviour (deliberate eye blinking...