Transcranial extraocular light affects the brains of birds and modulates their seasonal changes in physiology and behavior. However, whether the human brain is sensitive to extraocular light is unknown. To test whether extraocular light has any effect on human brain functioning, we measured brain electrophysiology of 18 young healthy subjects using event-related potentials while they performed ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity of echography vs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) for detecting extraocular extension of choroidal malignant melanoma. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective review at a university referral center. PARTICIPANTS All patients with histopathologically proven extraocular extension of choroidal malignant melanoma evaluated at the Bas...

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a neoplasm derived from the adnexal epithelium of the sebaceous glands, and most studies on this neoplasm have been conducted in Caucasians. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 29 patients with SC (16 extraocular and 13 ocular lesions) who were diagnosed from 2001 to 2014 to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of SC in the Korean population. Si...

purpose: we report an unusual case of trabecular carcinoid of the ovary with orbital involvement. methods: we encountered a 49-year-old woman with a complaint of bilateral proptosis. ocular examination revealed severe bilateral proptosis and signs of corneal exposure. orbital ct scan showed massive enlargement of extraocular muscles and optic nerve compression. the patient medical history showe...

The vertebrate eye develops from the neuroepithelium of the ventral forebrain by the evagination and formation of the optic vesicle. Classical embryological studies have shown that the surrounding extraocular tissues - the surface ectoderm and extraocular mesenchyme - are necessary for normal eye growth and differentiation. We have used explant cultures of chick optic vesicles to study the regu...

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare cutaneous malignant neoplasm. It derived from the epithelium of sebaceous glands and thus, can occur anywhere in body where these are found. SC two types: ocular extraocular, with extraocular being axilla very rare. The paper reports case 55-year-old male patient, complain swelling right axilla. patient underwent wide local excision mass excised specimen was s...

PURPOSE To determine the temporal and spatial expression of Pitx2, a bicoid-like homeobox transcription factor, during postnatal development of mouse extraocular muscle and to evaluate its role in the growth and phenotypic maintenance of postnatal extraocular muscle. METHODS Mouse extraocular muscles of different ages were examined for the expression of Pitx2 by RT-PCR, q-PCR, and immunostain...

PURPOSE The ultrafast extraocular muscles necessitate tight regulation of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Mitochondrial Ca2+ influx may be fast enough for this role. In the present study, three hypotheses were tested: (1) Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulates [Ca2+]i and production of force in extraocular muscle; (2) mitochondrial content correlates with their use as Ca2+ sinks; and ...

Extraocular motoneurons resist degeneration in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The main objective of the present work was to characterize the presence of neurotrophins in extraocular motoneurons and muscles of the adult rat. We also compared these results with those obtained from other cranial motor systems, such as facial and hypoglossal, which indeed suffer neurodegeneration. ...

The extraocular muscles are one of few skeletal muscles that are structurally and functionally intact in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible for differential sparing or targeting of muscle groups in neuromuscular disease. One hypothesis is that constitutive or adaptive properties of the unique extraocular muscle phenotype may underlie their protection i...