Anatomic variations in forensic extrahepatic bile ducts is common. Knowledge of extrahepatic bile duct variations is important for surgeons in order to prevent iatrogenic damage during surgery. This study aims to determine the variations in extrahepatic bile ducts among 150 cadavers located at the Kerman Medicine Organization. We performed autopsies on 150 cadavers. Bile ducts were exposed an...

CONTEXT CpG island hypermethylation is attracting attention because of its importance as a tumor marker and its potential mechanism for the development of human cancers. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been poorly investigated with respect to CpG island hypermethylation, and the number of genes known to be methylated in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is fewer than 20. OBJECTIVE To gener...

background : most diagnostic tests for biliary atresia (ba) are invasive. this study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of serum  tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) for diagnosing extra hepatic biliary duct atresia (ehba) in infants. materials and methods : infants with cholestasis who were admitted to children′s medical center hospital were evaluated. a total of 50 infants (20 with ehba an...

during a period of three years from 1996 to 1998, 124 infants (64 male and 60 female) with an age range of 1-6 months (mean age 1.5 months) with cholestasis were studied. idiopathic neonatal hepatitis was the most common cause of cholestasis, accounting for 48 cases with a rate of 3'8.70% in a total of 124 patients, followed by galactosemia in 29 patients (23.38%) and extrahepatic biliary ...

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to cholestasis. PBC is known to have both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Extrahepatic manifestations are seen in up to 73% of patients with PBC, with the most common being Sjogren's syndrome, thyroid dysfunction and systemic sclerosis. It is...

Adenomyomatous hyperplasia is rarely found in the extrahepatic bile duct. A 54-year-old man was referred to our center with a diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct stenosis which had been detected by endoscopic retrograde choloangiopancreatography. Abdominal computed tomography revealed thickening of the wall of the middle extrahepatic bile duct, however no malignant cells were detected by cytolo...

BACKGROUND The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with extrahepatic metastasis is extremely poor. However, what is the main risk factor for survival remains unclear for these patients. We aimed to find out the relative frequency, incidence and locations of extrahepatic metastases and the risk factors of long-term survival of the patients. METHODS 132 HCC patients with extrah...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Endosonography is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluating pancreatobiliary diseases. However, it is scarcely used in our healthcare system because of limited resources and scarcity of trained personnel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endosonography in patients presenting with extrahepatic biliary obstruction in the Indian subcontinent. METHODS Fifty cons...

BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the distribution of viral genotypes, the extrahepatic manifestations, and the relationship between genotypes and extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 62 treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Genotype determination was performed by DNA sequencing analysis. To investigate e...