the present article studies the different aspects of paris in the lebanese novel in general and in suhayl idris’s al-hayy al-latini in particular as a sample. this study examines the protagonist and al-idrisi’s views of paris as a beautiful western city and as one of the symbols of civilization and culture in modern arabic literature. whether the world is considered to be a psychological model ...

Twenty-eight topics in moral science are discussed briefly in this chapter. Some address moral issues that deserve systematic empirical analysis. Experimental studies of obligation and deceit, for example, are rare despite millennia-old concern. Some concern theoretical issues, including phenomenology, conflict/compromise, and deserving theory. Others are more concerned with betterment of the m...

Hardly any environment is a static domain in which an agent is the only one who is changing states of the world. Thus, many events occur that are not a direct consequence of an agent’s actions. Besides events that occur in full independence of an agent, there are events that can be influenced indirectly, e.g., by asking other agents to perform specific tasks. Even in the absence of other agents...

... lying is part of the interface between a person’s internal and external worlds ... there is an internal world composed of beliefs, fantasies, and perceived realities, and there is an external world of shared beliefs, or “reality”... we lie if we deceive others as to what we believe in our personal internal world, or we engage in self-deception if we distort or change information as it passe...

This enlarges on earlier work attempting to show in a general way how it might be possible for a machine to use symbols with ‘non-derivative’ semantics. It elaborates on the author’s earlier suggestion that computers understand symbols referring to their own internal ‘virtual’ worlds. A machine that grasps predicate calculus notation can use a set of axioms to give a partial, implicitly defined...

in mullā ṣadrā’s view, there are three general worlds of existence: 1. world of the senses, i.e. this world, 2. world of ideas, i.e. the world of quantity forms, which is exactly like the world of the senses, with the difference that it is free from matter, and 3. world of intelligibles, which is free from matter and material properties. on the other hand, man has three types of perceptions: 1....