the teratogenicity of cadmium exposure was studied in virgin nimri rats aged 10-13 weeks. pregnant animals were fed cadmium sulfate equivalent to doses of 1,4 and 7 mg/kg/day of cadmium by oral gavage on the day 7 of gestation. on the day 18 of gestation, fetuses were delivered and examined for external and skeletal malformations. total percent of malformed fetuses in rats treated by different ...

Caudal duplication (dipygus) is an uncommon pathologic of conjoined twinning. The conjoined malformation is classified according to the nature and site of the union. We report the presence of this malformation in a female crossbreed puppy. The puppy was delivered by caesarean section following a prolonged period of dystocia. External findings showed a single head (monocephalus) and a normal cra...

SIR—Treacher Collins or Francescetti syndrome or Mandibulofacial Dysostosis is a congenital malformation of craniofacial development. He is characterized by hypoplasia of malar bones, palpebral fissure sloping downward and laterally with coloboma of the lower eyelids, micrognathia, malformation of external, middle and inner ear and cleft palate. In these patients conventional direct laryngoscop...

background: aphallia or penile agenesis is a rare malformation accompanying with no phallus. this anomaly is extremely rare with abnormality of urogenital system and psychological consequences. its outbreak is estimated 1 out of 10-30 million births.case: reviewing 3 cases of male external genitalia agenesis, which associated with multiple anomalies of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and genito...

Vascular anomalies are categorized into vascular tumours or vascular malformations on the basis of clinical features and histopathology. The literature regarding high flow arteriovenous malformations of the auricle is rare. A case of a patient clinically diagnosed with an arteriovenous malformation of the external ear and was managed with preoperative embolization, surgical excision and reconst...