Th is paper provides a unifi ed semantic and discourse pragmatic analysis of the German particle nämlich , traditionally described as having a specifi cational and an explanative reading. Our claim is that nämlich is a discourse marker which signals that the expression it is attached to is a short (elliptic) answer to a salient implicit question about the previous utterance. We show how both th...

In 2 experiments, students who lacked prior knowledge about car mechanics read a passage about vehicle braking systems that either contained labeled illustrations of the systems, illustrations without labels, labels without illustrations, or no labeled illustrations. Students who received passages that contained labeled illustrations of braking systems recalled more explanative than nonexplanat...

To describe the dynamics of constantly activated cardiac muscle, we propose that length affects force via both recruitment and distortion of myosin cross bridges. This hypothesis was quantitatively tested for descriptive and explanative validity. Skinned cardiac muscle fibers from animals expressing primarily alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) (mouse, rat) or beta-MHC (rabbit, ferret) were activate...

This paper describes a rather novel method for the supervised training of regression systems that can be an alternative to feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) trained with the BackPropagation algorithm. The proposed methodology is a hybrid structure based on supervised clustering with genetic algorithms and local learning. Supervised Scaled Regression Clustering with Genetic Algorithm...

Abduction is usually defined in terms of classical logical consequence. In this paper we substitute this ’inferential parameter’ by the notion of strict implication. By doing so we hope to put more of the intended meaning of the abductive explanative relation into the background theory. By using strict rather than material implication static domain knowledge for abductive tasks can deal with so...

In this paper, it shown that the Feature-Extracting Bidirectional Associative Memory (FEBAM) can create its own set of perceptual features. Using a bidirectional associative memory (BAM)-inspired architecture, FEBAM inherits properties such as attractor-like behavior and successful processing of noisy inputs, while being able to achieve principal component analysis (PCA) tasks such as feature e...

Variations in regional development are basically carried forward by technological development together with spatial concentrations of production and finance. The main argument behind this paper is that innovation and regional development variables have temporal variations in a spatial context. Analysis was conducted using principal component indices from the years 1995–2007 to provide a tempora...