abstract among activities that can be used to prevent piping phenomena and reduce seepage and exit gradient are installation of cutoff wall and drain under hydraulic structures. hence in this study, to investigating the influence of each mentioned parameter on uplift force and exit gradient a computer model has developed in which general equation of fluid flow into the isotropic and anisotropic...

upstream blankets, drains and cutoff walls are considered as effective measures to reduce seepage, uplift pressure and exit gradient under the foundation of hydraulic structures. to investigate the effectiveness of these measures, individually or in accordance with others, a large number of experiments were carried out on a laboratory model. to extend the investigation for unlimited arrangement...

The objective of the research was to provide a better understanding of the influence of hydraulic conductivity on the exit gradient for a rectangular block representing a root zone. A critical area of concern to design engineers is the exit gradient at the toe of the levee and other sensitive areas. If the exit gradient becomes too large, water flows too fast, thus creating the potential for pi...

Abstract This paper considers the problem of understanding exit time for trajectories gradient-related first-order methods from saddle neighborhoods under some initial boundary conditions. Given ‘flat’ geometry around points, can struggle to escape these regions in a fast manner due small magnitudes gradients encountered. In particular, while it is known that strict-saddle neighborhoods, existi...

The goal of this paper is to supplement the large deviation principle of the Freidlin–Wentzell theory on exit problems for diffusion processes with results of classical central limit theorem kind. Namely, we describe a class of situations where conditioning on exit through unlikely locations leads to a Gaussian scaling limit for the exit distribution. Our results are based on Doob’s h-transform...

Cell cycle progression and exit must be precisely patterned during development to generate tissues of the correct size, shape and symmetry. Here we present evidence that dorsal-ventral growth of the developing spinal cord is regulated by a Wnt mitogen gradient. Wnt signaling through the beta-catenin/TCF pathway positively regulates cell cycle progression and negatively regulates cell cycle exit...

We study the sensitivity, with respect to a time dependent domain Ds, of expectations of functionals of a di usion process stopped at the exit from Ds or normally re ected at the boundary of Ds. We establish a di erentiability result and give an explicit expression for the gradient that allows the gradient to be computed by Monte Carlo methods. Applications to optimal stopping problems and pric...

We study the sensitivity, with respect to a time dependent domain Ds, of expectations of functionals of a di usion process stopped at the exit from Ds or normally re ected at the boundary of Ds. We establish a di erentiability result and give an explicit expression for the gradient that allows the gradient to be computed by Monte Carlo methods. Applications to optimal stopping problems and pric...

Embryonic lumbar spinal motoneurons (MNs) are characterized by a period of programmed cell death (PCD) that spans several days and occurs in a rostrocaudal gradient. The generation of these MNs also takes place in a temporal-spatial gradient, such that MNs within rostral lumbar segments exit the cell cycle earlier and MNs within progressively caudal regions are born later. In vitro studies have...