in various legal systems, with adoption of the validity of exclusion clause as a rule, in the exceptional instances for the reason of social importance of the matter and contrary to the public policy, exclusion clause is void. thus, in the case of death; bodily injuries; deliberated breach of contract or legal duty ;gross negligence and deception imputed to party relying to exclusion clause, it...

this paper describes a series of laboratory model tests on strip footings supported on unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand with an inside void. the footing is subjected to a combination of static and cyclic loading. the influence of various parameters including the embedment depth of the void, the number of reinforcement layers, and the amplitude of cyclic load were studied. the results sh...

This paper deals with how to settle a foreign currency exchange rate indexed mortgage loan between bank and consumer if the court declares that agreement has an abusive clause. At present, many consumers in Poland strive void their contracts on grounds they contain indexation clause, mainly referred CHF/PLN rate. The calculations are based CHF 30 years decreasing monthly installments, starting ...

We describe CARIN, a novel family of representation languages, which integrate the expressive power of Horn rules and of description logics. We address the key issue in designing such a language, namely, providing a sound and complete inference procedure. We identify existential entailment as a core problem in reasoning in CARIN, and describe an existential entailment algorithm for CARIN langua...

the brothers and sisters of the deceased person can, under certain conditions, cause partial exclusion or exclusion from restoration of inheritance for the deceased person’s mother. the issue of the siblings’ exclusion of mother from inheritance in imāmī jurisprudence is attributed to the noble āya eleven of the blessed sūrat al-nisā’ and is maintained in the iranian statutory law according to ...

The main operations in Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) are generalization and specialization, which only make sense in a generality order. In ILP, the three most important generality orders are subsumption, implication and implication relative to background knowledge. The two languages used most often are languages of clauses and languages of only Horn clauses. This gives a total of six diier...

Abstract The hybrid clause is an optional dispute resolution that offers the parties to a contract, for resolving their dispute, option between state courts and arbitral tribunals. combination of two different mechanisms, litigation arbitration, raises issue determining international or regional instruments applicable this clause, such as Brussels I bis Regulation. As matter fact, Recast Regula...

fields may only depend on the fields of the box. interface SimpleGameObserver { Position observedPos; Game obsGame; } interface Game { Position currentPos; Color player; void move( MoveDescr md ) void swapPlayers() } Example: 3. Specification Technique: Invariants (1) Problems with invariant: • Where should they hold? • What are the fields they may depend on? • Invariants cause a modularity pro...