Using the field pot-culture and sample-analysis method, 54 weed species belonging to 20 families and 31 weed species belonging to 17 families were systematically examined as to whether they can exclude the uptake of heavy metals. After a systematic identification, it was determined that Oenothera biennis and Commelina communis were Cd-excluders and Taraxacum mongolicum was a Zn-excluder. O. bie...

today, biosphere pollution has accelerated strongly with start of industrial revolution by toxicity of heavy metals. one of existing pollution is soil pollution. unfortunately, soil pollution by metals is as intensive environmental stress for plant hence for human. plants, which are able to store heavy metals in their organs, can be used for phytoremediation of polluted soils and utilization of...

According to ‘Excluders’, descriptive uncertainty – but not normative matters what we ought do. Recently, several authors have argued that those wishing treat differently from face a dependence problem because one's can depend on uncertainty. The aim of this paper is determine whether the phenomenon poses decisive for Excluders. I argue existing arguments fail show this, and that, while stronge...

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of initiators of social exclusion (i.e. 'excluders'). Participants divided money in a modified Dictator Game between themselves and people who previously either included or excluded them during a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball). Participants selectively punished the excluders by d...

Social exclusion is a distressing experience and can lead to both retaliatory and prosocial reactions toward the sources of exclusion. The way people react to social exclusion has been hypothesized to be shaped through chronic exposure to peer rejection. This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study examined associations between chronic peer rejection and retaliatory (i.e. punishing) and pro...

A basic problem in silicon (Si) uptake studies in biology is the lack of an appropriate radioactive isotope. Radioactive germanium-68 ((68)Ge) has been used previously as a Si tracer in biological materials, but its suitability for the study of Si transport in higher plants is still untested. In this study, we investigated (68)Ge-traced Si uptake by four crop species differing widely in uptake ...

The effect of zinc excess on shoot growth white mustard ( Sinapisalba ) andsareptskaya Brassicajuncea was studied. Nowadays, supposed that B.juncea is a hyperaccumulator – accumulating its high concentrations in the aboveground organs. In contrast, S.alba belongs to “excluders” and accumulate mostly roots. It known, both species are able grow zinc-contaminated soils, but too less known about th...