an evolutionary structural optimization (eso) method is used for plastic design of frames. based on safe theorems some criteria are derived and made an effort to satisfy them during the optimization process. in this regard, equilibrium is checked and yield condition is gradually satisfied during the optimization process. in this method, the amount of used material and the stiffness for each ele...

Current early risk assessment techniques rely on subjective human judgments and unrealistic assumptions such as fixed requirements and work breakdown structures. This is a weak approach because different people could arrive at different conclusions from the same scenario even for projects with a stable and well-defined scope, and such projects are rare. This paper introduces a formal model to a...

background: stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a key enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (sfas) to monounsaturated fatty acids (mufas) in fat biosynthesis. despite being crucial for interpreting scds’ roles across species, the evolutionary relationship of scd proteins across species has yet to be elucidated. this study aims to present this evolutionary relationship based on amino acid sequ...

Robustness is an important requirement for almost all kinds of products. In this article we show how evolutionary algorithms can be applied for robust design based on the approach of Taguchi. As an example we consider the design of multilayer optical coatings most frequently used for optical lters.