every year a large number of migratory wintering water birds, rest in the wetlands situated in the northern provinces of iran. the wetlands are very important ecosystems for these creatures. due to ecological importance of water birds, the results of this study (the birds’ populations and their changes) are helpful to monitor them and are especially important to manage the wetlands. in this stu...

abstract the objective of this paper was to determine species diversity of wintering waterbirds from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring in meyghan wetland. data for calculating the estimates of biodiversity come from the midwinter census by using a total count from the department of the markazi province's environment. data analysis for determine species diversity carried out by using ecolog...

Long distance migratory birds find their way by sensing and integrating information from a large number of cues in their environment. These cues are essential to navigate over thousands of kilometers and reach the same breeding, stopover, and wintering sites every year. The semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) is a long-distance migrant that breeds in the arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska...

Scientists and birdwatchers alike have noted precipitous population declines in many species of migratory songbirds during the last thirty years. However, the transitory nature of migratory birds makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of these declines. Some postulate that habitat loss on the tropical wintering grounds is the cause, while others suggest that forest degradation on the te...

Migratory birds often form flocks on their wintering grounds, but important details of social structure such as the patterns of association between individuals are virtually unknown. We analysed networks of co-membership in short-term flocks for wintering golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) across three years and discovered social complexity unsuspected for migratory songbirds. Th...

Shorebirds are among the most migratory of all birds and spend the majority of the year in a small number of essential wintering and migratory staging areas. As these birds take no notice of political borders, their conservation represents an international challenge (Myers 1983, Myers et al. 1987, Morrison & Myers 1989), one whose importance is emphasized by recent declines in North American sh...

there are 61 species in 14 families of fish-eating birds in iran. the fish-eating birds of the north of iran belong to 41 species in 10 families which include 67.2 percent of total fish eating bird species and 71% of fish-eating bird’s family of iran. resident birds constitute 13% of the fisheating birds of the caspian sea coasts and the rest are migratory in autumn and winter. there exist 3 ...