Complex Event Processing describes the problem of timely and continuous processing of event streams. The load of Complex Event Processing systems can vary (e.g., event rates). Static resource provision leads to higher monetary costs because enough resources have to be provided to efficiently handle peak loads. Therefore, most of the time the resources will not be fully utilized. One way to achi...

OBJECTIVE To determine and characterize practices regarding data sharing and usage (particularly for research) in immunization information systems (IISs), as well as barriers to using such data for research. DESIGN We surveyed immunization program managers (IPMs) associated with all 64 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grantee immunization programs (IPs) between July and September 20...

Making agreements on how to behave has been shown to be an evolutionarily viable strategy in one-shot social dilemmas. However, in many situations agreements aim to establish long-term mutually beneficial interactions. Our analytical and numerical results reveal for the first time under which conditions revenge, apology and forgiveness can evolve and deal with mistakes within ongoing agreements...

party autonomy and parties freedom in choosing the governing law to non-contractual liabilities, when this litigation has accompanied with international elements , is one of the innovations european law during approval the rome ii regulationwhich facilitates the simultaneous and balanced access to certainty and flexibility as two conflicting interests , and is accordance withmost recent theorie...

A Data Sharing Agreement (DSA) is a contract among two or more principals regulating how they share data. Agreements are usually represented as a set of clauses expressed using the deontic notions of obligation, prohibition and permission. In this paper, we present how to model DSAs using the Event-B specification language. Agreement clauses are modelled as temporal-logic formulas that preserve...

To address the illicit cigarette trade, the European Union (EU) has signed agreements with the four major Transnational Tobacco Companies (TTCs) that involve establishing extensive systems of cooperation. All agreements foresee two types of payments: annual payments (totalling US$ 1.9 billion over 20 years) and supplementary seizure payments, equivalent to 100% of the evaded taxes in the event ...

III. LIABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY: UNCOVERING AND POLICING ADVERSE EVENTS 65 A. The Obligation to Disclose Adverse Events 67 1. Refining the parameters of adverse events 69 2. Mandatory adverse event reporting 72 3. Sharpening the adverse event definition 74 4. Improving mandatory reporting 75 5. Bans on confidentiality agreements for adverse event claims 76 B. Malpractice Insurance as a Tool for...

In the last few decades, the effects of cooperative R&D arrangements on innovation and welfare have played an important role in policy making. Both the US and the EU have legislation in place providing for lenient antitrust treatment of such cooperative agreements. The goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of cooperative R&D arrangements in a model with a stochastic R&D process and outpu...

Inter-institutional cooperation is becoming the norm for innovations putting at centre stage of research inquiry the organisational knowledge for establishing, coordinating and innovating through cooperation. Case study evidence depicts the development of systematic processes for partner identification and management of cooperative agreements. Researchers recognising potential partners would pe...